NR566 Week 3 Study Outline
Many questions are written to assess your clinical application of the material from the textbook, in real-world scenarios.
Chapter 16: Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular & Renal Systems
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NR566 Week 3 Study Outline
Many questions are written to assess your clinical application of the material from the textbook, in real-world scenarios.
Chapter 16: Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular & Renal Systems
• Know the pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics clinical use, drug interactions and adverse drug reactions for:
o o Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI): pregnancy D Benazopril Captopril Enalapril Fosinopril Lisinopril Moexipril
o vasodilators
o Not as effective for African-American patients
o When combined with a diuretic, race no longer an issue
o Adverse drug reactions (ADRs): dry cough (bradykinin- mediated), hypotension, loss of taste, angioedema, blood dyscrasias, teratogenicity, hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, cholestatic jaundice, pancreatitis, rash
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o o Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) pregnancy D Pharmacokinetics
o Losartan: CYP 2C9
Extensive first-pass metabolism resulting in 33% bioavailability
Inducers: rifampin, barbituates
Inhibitors: lovastatin, SMZ/TMP, fluconazole, fluvastatin, fluvoxamine, sertraline
o
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers SARTANS : losartan, esporsartan, olmesartan, telmisartan, valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan
o Like ACEI orthostasis with dose changes
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o
o Calcium channel blockers (CCB)
nifedipine cat safe and Functionally act as vasodilators, lowering calcium (Ca++) influx into smooth muscles
o Two major classes
o Type I – Non-dihydropyridines: affect conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node and have negative chronotropic effects
Why it is used in treating supraventricular tachycardia
Diltiazem (Cardizem), verapamil (Calan)
o Type II – Dihydropyridines: do not affect conduction through the AV node
Nifedipine (Procardia), amlopidine (Norvasc), felodipine (Plendil)
• amlodipine cat C, methyldopa very safe
o Cardiac glycosides and antiarrhythmics
Digoxin
o Well-absorbed orally
o NOT extensively metabolized, excreted unchanged by kidneys Half-life is 36 to 48 hours
o In the absence of oral or intravenous loading, steady state is achieved in four half-lives or 1 week
o Reduced clearance of digoxin with drug interaction
Quinidine, amiodarone, verapamil, diltiazem
o ADRs
o Gastrointestinal (GI) most common: anorexia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea
o Central nervous system: fatigue, disorientation, depression, hallucinations, visual disturbances – yellow vision and green halos around lights
o Toxicity: atrial arrhythmias/tachycardia in children
o Cardiac: bradycardia, premature ventricular contractions, junctional and AV block arrhythmias, and bigeminy
o Avoid using in patients with normal left ventricular systolic function
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