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(Solved) NURS 6630 Week 1 Assignment: Short Answer Assessment

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1.In 4 or 5 sentences, describe the anatomy of the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron. Include each part of the neuron and a general overview of electrical impulse conduction, the pathway it travels, and the net result at the termination of the impulse. Neurons are electrically excitable cells that send nerve impulses everywhere in the nervous system (Weis, 2019). The neuron's anatomic structure comprises a cell soma or body housing a nucleus and DNA, the axon, the pre-synaptic terminal axon, and the dendrite. The neurons contain formations for receiving and sending electrical signals that permit the neurons to communicate (Camprodon, 2016). Dendrites are tree-like structures stretching away from the cell body to receive communications from other neurons at specialized junctions called synapses. Once the dendrite receives a signal, it then travels to the cell body to the axon by way of the axon hillock, the junction that unites signals and synapses from the cell body to the axon. The axon is a tube-like structure that generates the combined signal to specific endings called axon terminals, which synapse on other neurons, muscle, or target organs (Camprodon, 2016) 2. Answer the following. You may list. a. What are the major components that make up the subcortical structures? Subcortical structures are the components below the cerebral cortex which are listed (Dewey, 2014). FOREBRAIN (below cerebrum)  Basal ganglia involved in motor control  Limbic system is not one structure but several: hippocampus, amygdala, septum, cingulate gyrus, and others  the middle of the septum is one location of "pleasure centers"  the amygdala involved in emotions, fear, and defensive reactions to external threats  the hippocampus interacts with temporal lobe to help establish event memory This study source was downloaded by 100000860583932 from CourseHero.com on 01-26-2023 10:34:49 GMT -06:00 https://www.coursehero.com/collection/77608121/Week1AssgnHarringtonRextensiondocx/  Thalamus looks like two eggs  implicated in control of sleep and attention  a relay station; receives input from eyes, ear, spinal cord, relays information to cerebral cortex  Hypothalamus involved with basic functions like eating, sex, temperature control, sleep, and aggression  produces sex, growth, and stress–related hormones carried down axons to pituitary gland, released from there into bloodstream to activate and organize distant body systems MIDBRAIN  Tectum consists of four bumps, the colliculi  superior (higher up) colliculi related to eye movement and localization of objects  inferior (lower down) colliculi related to sense of hearing  Tegmentum includes red nucleus and substantia nigra, involved in control of movement contains part of reticular formation HINDBRAIN  Cerebellum appears as a separate structure with a cauliflower–like appearance behind the brain  controls fine motor movement, timing; motor memory, planning of movements, plus practice–related memory and detection

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