• Pharmacokinetics: how meds travel through the body
o Affected by different routes of administration
o Absorption movement of the drug from site of administration to
various tissues of the body
IV – no
...
• Pharmacokinetics: how meds travel through the body
o Affected by different routes of administration
o Absorption movement of the drug from site of administration to
various tissues of the body
IV – no barrier for absorption
o Distribution movement of drug by circulatory system to intended
site of action
o Metabolism changes to a drug occur into a more or less potent
form of the drug
can be affected by age, first-pass effect, nutritional status
• First-pass effect: rapid uptake; drug metabolism where the concentration of drug, when administered orally, is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation
liver, kidneys, lungs, intestines, blood
the liver is responsible for most of the metabolism of drugs that occurs in the body
• Biotransformation: structure of drug is chemically altered into a “new altered” form of the drug called “metabolite” = a by-product of metabolism and occurs in the liver
o Excretion elimination of drug or metabolites through various parts of the body (urine or feces)
kidneys, liver, lungs, intestines, and exocrine glands (ex: breast milk)
• Pharmacodynamics: interaction between meds and target cells/body systems/organs = to produce an effect
- Therapeutic effects are the intended effects of the drug
- Adverse drug reactions are the unintended effects of the drug
• Agonist: binds to an opioid pain receptor; cause an analgesic response—reduction of pain sensation
• Antagonist: a competitive antagonist that competes with and reverses effects of agonist and agonist-antagonist drugs at the receptor sites
• Agonist-antagonist: aka partial agonist or mixed agonist, binds to pain receptor and causes a weaker pain response than does a full agonist (eg: buprenorphine hydrochloride)
[Show More]
