OCR A Level Ancient History H407/12 Athens and the Greek World. QUESTION PAPER & MARKING SCHEME. RATED A+

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Section A: Relations between Greek states and between Greek and non-Greek states, 492–404 BC Answer either question 1 or question 2 and then question 3. Answer either question 1 or question 2. 1 ... * To what extent do you agree that the Athenian victory in the Battle of Marathon (490 BC) changed the relationships between the Greek city-states and Persia? You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as well as your own knowledge to support your answer. [30] 2* Between 431 BC and 411 BC, how far did the Athenians follow the strategy suggested by Pericles at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War? You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as well as your own knowledge to support your answer. [30] Answer question 3. 3 Read the interpretation below. Lysander … had realised, as had King Agis earlier, that the Spartans could only win the war by starving the Athenians into submission, and that this could only be achieved by cutting off their grain supply from the Black Sea. The inexperience of the Athenian generals and the skill of Lysander brought about the total defeat of the Athenian navy at Aegospotamoi, in the Hellespont opposite Lampsacus, in the late summer of 405. After that, it was only a matter of time before the Athenians, blockaded on land by the forces of King Agis from Decelea and King Pausanias from the Peloponnese, and by sea by Lysander’s navy, surrendered in the first half of 404. Cyrus’ wholehearted support of the Spartans, especially in the supply of Persian gold, proved to be the decisive factor in helping the Spartans to defeat the Athenians in the Ionian War. T. Buckley, Aspects of Greek History 750–323 BC How convincing do you find T. Buckley’s interpretation of the reasons why Athens lost the Peloponnesian War? You must use your knowledge of the historical period and the ancient sources you have studied to analyse and evaluate T. Buckley’s interpretation. [20] 5 10 3 © OCR 2021 H407/12 Oct21 Section B: The Culture and Politics of Athens, c.460–c.399 BC Answer question 4 and then either question 5 or question 6. Answer question 4. 4 Read the passage below. Concerning the allies, and the fact that the Athenians sail out and bring vexatious charges at will against the good men and hate them – they recognise that the ruler is necessarily hated by the ruled, and that if the rich and good men in the cities become powerful, the rule of the common people of Athens will last only a very short time. This is why they deprive the good men of their citizen rights, take away their money, drive them into exile, and execute them, while increasing the power of the bad. The good men in Athens try to protect the good men in the allied cities, because they recognise that it is an excellent thing for themselves always to protect the best men in these cities. Someone might say that this is the basis of Athenian power, if the allies are able to contribute money. But those sympathetic to the common people think it even more of an excellent thing that each individual Athenian should have allies’ money, and that the allies should have just enough to live and work on, while being unable to plot against them. The Old Oligarch, Constitution of the Athenians 1.14 How useful is this passage for our understanding of how the Athenians treated their allies? [12] Answer either question 5 or question 6. 5* ‘The teachings of the Sophists led to a moral and political decline in Athens.’ To what extent do you agree with this view? You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as well as your own knowledge to support your answer. [36] 6* How far do the sources allow us to assess the contribution of non-citizens to Athenian society? You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as we [Show More]

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