d have improved coping skills.
Staging and Contributing Factors of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Chronic kidney disease occurs when a person suffers from a gradual and usually permanent
loss of their kidney function
...
d have improved coping skills.
Staging and Contributing Factors of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Chronic kidney disease occurs when a person suffers from a gradual and usually permanent
loss of their kidney function over time which can occur over months to years (Wedro, n.d.) With
the loss of kidney function, accumulation of water, waste and toxic substances in the body that
are normally excreted from the kidney does not occur properly (Wedro, n.d.) Chronic kidney
disease happens with five stages. There are five stages of kidney disease, and to determine
which stage of kidney disease a person has, the physician will order a blood test to check the
glomerular filtration rate known as the GFR, which measures how much blood the kidneys filter
each minute, recorded as milliliters per minute (End Stage Renal Disease, 2018). As the GFR
declines, the kidney function does as well and when the kidneys are unable to work at the level
necessary to function for day to day activities, the patient has end-stage renal disease (End Stage
CASE STUDY MR. C 6
Renal Disease, 2018). End stage renal disease typically happens when the kidney function is
below 10 percent of normal functioning. Contributing factors for ESRD include age, gender,
race, diabetes, high blood pressure, education, weight, proteinuria, low hemoglobin, nocturia,
hyperuricemia, genetics, smoking, high cholesterol, drug use, and other medical conditions (Risk
Factors for End-stage Renal Disease, 2016). Although chronic kidney disease results from
primary diseases by the kidney, the major cause is from diabetes and high blood pressure.
Health Promotion and Prevention for ESRD
End Stage Renal Disease has no cure, however, there are two treatment options available
which are dialysis or a kidney transplant. According to the National Kidney Foundation, a
person for all ages can get a transplant, but the patient must fit the criteria of being healthy
enough to have a transplant, be free of cancer and infection, and must undergo a full medial and
psychosocial evaluation to correct any potential problems that may occur (Kidney Transplant,
2017). Dialysis occurs during ESRD when kidney function is about 85-90 percent of kidney
function and have a GFR below 15. Dialysis removes the waste, salt and extra water to prevent
them from building up in the body, keeps a safe level of particular chemicals in the blood such as
potassium, sodium and bicarbonate, and helps control blood pressure (What is Dialysis, 2018).
Mr. C should be educated about adhering to his dialysis schedule and about healthy eating to
avoid further deterioration of renal status. The dietary intake of patients with ESRD is important
because the kidneys cannot get rid of enough waste products and fluids from the blood, so the
patient must limit their fluid intake and change the intake of certain foods. The patient with
ESRD should eat more high protein foods, eat less foods that have high salt, potassium and
phosphorus, and learn about what their fluid intake should be (Dietary Guidelines for Adults
Starting on Hemodialysis, 2019). A patient should also be educated about exercise training to
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