PSYC 290N Final Exam A+ GRADED

PSYC 290N Final Exam A+ GRADED Question 1 (TCO 1) Which of the following is the best example of an off-time event that could have negative effects upon an individual's development? The deaths of elderly parents ...

PSYC 290N Final Exam A+ GRADED Question 1 (TCO 1) Which of the following is the best example of an off-time event that could have negative effects upon an individual's development? The deaths of elderly parents Being divorced at the age of 25 The death of one's spouse at the age of 30 Experiencing a life-threatening illness at the age of 60 Question 2 (TCO 1) The Maple Leaf Elementary School counselor, social worker, and the parents of 8-year-old Jimmy Jackson are working as a cooperative team to determine why Jimmy exhibits a pattern of highly aggressive behavior toward his peers and teachers. Jimmy's behavior has been extensively observed, he has been subjected to a battery of psychological tests, and his parents have been interviewed. This in-depth examination of Jimmy Jackson is an example of an ethnograph. naturalistic observation. a correlational study. a case study. Question 3 (TCO 1) An experiment is designed to study the effects of long lectures on the sleeping behavior of college students. In such a study, the dependent variable is sleeping behavior of college students. long lectures. the length of time a lecture runs. college students. Question 4 (TCO 1) Which of the following is the most correct statement regarding repressed memories? Most adults who were abused as children have no recollection of the abuse. The best way to get at repressed memories is for the therapist to suggest that such memories exist. It is highly unlikely that false memories will be retrieved because of the inaccuracy of human memory. The perpetrators of abuse are more likely to forget the incidents than are the victims. Question 5 (TCO 2) Elsa was frequently neglected as a child. As an infant, she would be left in wet diapers, and she was not fed on a regular schedule. Which of the following crises was not properly resolved? Industry versus inferiority Autonomy versus shame and doubt Trust versus mistrust Initiative versus guilt Question 6 (TCO 2) In classical conditioning, if the sour taste of lemon juice automatically causes your mouth to pucker, the lemon juice is the _____ and the pucker of lips and tongue is the _____. conditional stimulus; conditioned response punishment; conditioned response unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response conditional stimulus; unconditioned response Question 7 (TCO 2) A boy is pestering his mother for candy in the grocery store, whining for 10 minutes and saying things like, "I want candy! Please? Just this once! Oh, come on, Mom, please?" His mother ignores him for 10 minutes, but finally gives in and says, "Oh, all right. Here it is. Just stop whining!" If the boy engages in more whining in the future, and the mother gives in even more easily, which of the following would apply to the mother? Negative punishment Positive punishment Negative reinforcement Positive reinforcement Question 8 (TCO 2) Niko plans to go to a good college. He seems unconcerned about competitive admissions policies because he believes that if he studies hard, he can get in wherever he wants. Bandura would consider this an example of which of the following? A self-fulfilling prophecy Delayed gratification A positive self-image Self-efficacy Question 9 (TCOs 2 and 3) Which of the following terms describes an individual's unique genetic blueprint, which is created from genes contributed by both parents? Phenotype Genotype Karyotype DNA Question 10 (TCOs 2 and 3) Which of the following is true of a trait controlled by a dominant gene? The trait will be expressed even if the instructions of the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair are different. The trait may or may not be expressed, depending upon whether environmental conditions facilitate or prevent the expression of the trait. The trait will always be a positive, beneficial trait. The trait will be expressed only if the instructions of the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair are the same. Question 11 (TCOs 2 and 3) Samson is taller and has a higher IQ than either of his parents. Which of the following terms would be used to explain this? Adoption Multifactorial inheritance Environmentally influenced inheritance Polygenetic inheritance Question 12 (TCOs 2 and 3) Phenylketonuria is an example of which of the following? A sex-linked recessive disorder A disorder of immune function An autosomal disorder A gamete disorder Question 13 (TCOs 2 and 3) Which of the following happens during the first trimester of pregnancy? Chemical messages are sent to the brain to start menstruation. A woman can no longer tell if she's pregnant by using a urine test. The cervix thins and begins to stretch. The zygote implants itself in the lining of the uterus. Question 14 (TCO 2) Which of the following is the best example of the proximodistal principle of development during the prenatal period? The spinal cord develops before the arms. The digestive organs are formed before the heart. Male growth patterns proceed more quickly than female patterns. Differentiation of the gonads occurs before the eyes are formed. Question 15 (TCOs 2, 3, and 4) What effect does watching television have on the developing brain? Any television watching prior to age 2 is likely to inhibit healthy brain development. Toddlers might improve their vocabulary and social skills by watching high-quality television programs. Television programs such as Sesame Street can interfere with synaptogenesis. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children between 18 months and 2 years of age watch 2–3 hours per day of educational programming. Question 16 (TCOs 2, 3, and 4) Which of the following is typically true of parents in the United States? They view an infant's erratic sleep patterns as a normal and healthy part of development. They are more likely than European parents to attend to their crying child. They view an infant's erratic sleep patterns as a problem that needs to be fixed. They are more likely than European parents to ignore their crying child. Question 17 (TCOs 2, 3, and 4) Moesha and Nick have a newborn. If their baby is an average infant, by his first birthday he will have had which of the following? Measles Several instances of sleep apnea No illnesses whatsoever Seven respiratory illnesses Question 18 (TCOs 4, 5, and 6) Gregory is a 6-month-old baby boy. He is learning about his environment through touching things, putting things in his mouth, and scooting around on the floor. According to Piaget, Greg is in which stage of cognitive development? Preambulatory Preoperations Concrete operations Sensorimotor Question 19 (TCOs 3, 4, and 5) Kayla was given several different brightly colored balls to play with, one after the other. After about ball number seven, Kayla seemed to lose interest. When she was given a stuffed animal, she showed renewed interest. This renewed interest is due, in part, to which of the following? Categorizing Schematograms Reinforcement Superordinates Question 20 (TCOs 3, 4, and 5) C.J. gains comfort through eating and drinking. She also cries to gain attention from her parents or to express discomfort. Freud would say that C.J. is in which stage of development? Symbiotic Dependent Anal Oral Question 21 (TCOs 3, 4, and 5) Which of the following best exemplifies social referencing? Tom's father scolds Tom for being angry at his sister. Tom's father uses a light mood and a smile to transition Tom from an angry state to a calmer one. Tom's mother shows Tom pictures of different emotional expressions so that he can learn to imitate them. Tom's mother takes him away from his friends when he becomes angry at one of them for taking his toy. Question 22 (TCOs 3, 4, and 5) Roberto is 11 months old. He smiles a lot, is generally cheerful, and shows little anxiety around strangers. Which type of temperament does Roberto have? Difficult Slow to warm up Easy Approachful Question 23 (TCOs 4, 5, and 6) Which of the following brain structures regulate attention and concentration? Reticular formation Hippocampus Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Question 24 (TCOs 3, 4, and 5) Darius holds his hairbrush to his mouth and sings as if the hairbrush is a microphone. This is an example of what type of play? Associative First pretend Substitute pretend Abstract Question 25 (TCOs 3, 4, and 5) According to your text, individuals are more likely to remember faces of people of their own race than those of a different race. This demonstrates which of the following principles? Racial stereotyping Racial bias Cross-race effect Cross-racial bias effect Question 26 (TCOs 3, 4, and 5) Kyle and Tawnie are playing school. Kyle is pretending to be the teacher and Tawnie is pretending to be the student. Tawnie is well behaved as a student and answers questions appropriately when Kyle asks them. Tawnie's behavior is an example of which of the following? Role modeling Gender modeling Role rehearsal Social scripts Question 27 (TCOs 3, 4, and 5) Deion tells his mother that he will always be a boy and can never be a girl. This is an illustration of Deion's grasp of what principle? Gender identity Gender role Gender schema Gender constancy Question 28 (TCO 6) You are a nurse who is asked to place an IV in a patient's nondominant arm. What ability allows you to tell where the IV should be placed? Association perception Spatial perception Selective attention Relative right-left coordination Question 29 (TCOs 6 and 7) Which of the following is the best example of a child's use of inductive logic? Sean's mother showed him an apple cut into two pieces and an apple cut into four pieces and asked him which one was more apple. Sean was able to reply correctly, "They are the same." Beverly's assignment in language arts class was to write a paper about what her life would be like if she were a boy. Imani's teacher was kind on the first day of class. From that he assumed that she is probably a nice person. David has learned that he is better at language arts than math, so he has to spend more time and work harder on his math lessons. Question 30 (TCOs 6 and 7) Anthony knows that not everyone goes to college and those who do are not guaranteed to graduate. From this he decided that college is probably difficult, as well as time-consuming. What type of logic did Anthony use to draw these conclusions? Productive logic Deductive logic Abstract logic Inductive logic Question 31 (TCOs 6 and 8) Leticia failed to ride her bike up the hill with her friends. She later asked her father to remove the training wheels from her bike so that she would no longer feel embarrassed. This is an example of which part of social-cognitive theory? The person component Residual traits Extroversion Reciprocal determinism Question 32 (TCOs 6 and 8) According to Piaget, which of the following children is most likely to recognize that intentions are important when making moral judgments about others' behaviors? Dale, who is 6 Marianna, who is 6 Dudley, who is 7 Kirsten, who is 8 Question 33 (TCOs 6 and 8) Monica is an only child. Which of the following statements is likely to be true regarding Monica? Research indicates that she will be less well-adjusted as children who have siblings. She will have difficulty making friends once she starts school. Her family is likely to suffer from resource dilution. She will likely get as much of her parents' attention as a first-born child. Question 34 (TCOs 7 and 9) Which of the following factors is most likely to influence whether or not teens become sexually active across cultures? Social factors Hormones Nutritional levels Levels of sex education Question 35 (TCOs 7 and 9) According to your textbook, among teenagers, sensation seeking appears to be least associated with which of the following? Automobile accidents and injuries Tobacco use Drug use Alcohol use Question 36 (TCOs 7 and 9) Fourteen-year-old Muhammed won a contest sponsored by the local newspaper to celebrate a championship basketball game. The object of the contest was to determine how many words could be made from the word score. Which newly developed ability of formal operational thought would have been most helpful to Muhammed? The ability to reason about objects or situations not previously seen or experienced The ability to search systematically and methodologically for the solutions to a problem The ability to use ethical principles for decision making The ability to start with a theory and a prediction and arrive at a conclusion Question 37 (TCOs 7 and 9) More recent theorists have elaborated on Erikson's definition to include which of the following? Understanding of one's unique characteristics and how they are manifested across ages, situations, and social roles The application of social roles as they are manifest in one's personality The addition of morals and values to one's identity Understanding the importance of birth order to understand individual identity Question 38 (TCOs 7 and 9) Mac is noted for baking the best cheesecake in town and is also the person everyone calls when their car won't start. Mac can comfort a crying child and fix a flat tire with equal competence. Mac's gender role identity is most likely transsexual. undifferentiated. indeterminate. androgynous. Question 39 (TCOs 7 and 9) Which of the following is the best example of a clique, as described by Dunphy? Kwame and Mahmoud have been best friends since they played on the same soccer team in fifth grade. Helena and Raoul have been dating since they were 15, and now they are thinking of marrying. The Detroit City basketball team won the state championship by setting team goals, playing unselfishly, and practicing every day. Bobby, Mike, George, and Derrick have shared the good times and the bad times in each other's lives since they were 12 years old. Question 40 (TCO 10) What type of aging involves the age-related changes that are due to environmental influences, poor health habits, or disease? Senescence Compensatory decline Intellectual aging Secondary aging Question 41 (TCO 10) Which of the following are key components of the human immune system? The liver and kidneys The thymus gland and the bone marrow Neurotransmitters and hormones The pancreas and the liver Question 42 (TCOs 10 and 11) John is looking for a wife. He wants a partner who has a similar background in matters such as education and religious upbringing. Which of the following mate selection strategies is John using? Trait sorting Heterogeneity Homogamy Exchange theory Question 43 (TCOs 10 and 11) Which of the following is true regarding parenthood? In the United States, 75% of women aged 18 to 34 have had or expect to have children. In the United States, women value parenthood more than men. In the United States, the number of men who view parenthood as a life-enriching experience is greater than the number of women who feel this way. Mothers are more likely than fathers to be emotionally attached to their unborn children during the third trimester of pregnancy. Question 44 (TCO 11) Gilda is 35 years old. Her estrogen levels have decreased, her menstrual periods have become very irregular, and she experiences periods of extreme sweating. What's happening with Gilda? She is in the premenopausal phase of menopause. She is in the postmenopausal phase of menopause. She is in the perimenopausal phase of menopause. Gilda is too young to be experiencing menopause so she should see her doctor. Question 45 (TCO 11) Which the following is most consistent with Denney's view of age-related change in physical and cognitive functioning? Physical exercise will facilitate maintenance of physical abilities through adulthood, but no equivalent improvement can be made in cognitive functioning. There is an underlying decay curve so that with increased age, there will eventually be a point at which even maximum exercise will not help an individual maintain peak functioning in either physical or cognitive abilities. If a skill is unexercised for any length of time or becomes rusty, exercise will not cause any improvement. Early adulthood is the time of peak function in physical and cognitive abilities. Question 46 (TCO 11) According to Erikson, which of the following would cause a person to experience a mid-life crisis? A sense of generativity An external locus of control A loss of self-efficacy A sense of stagnation Question 47 (TCO 11) Micah, age 55, used to write great op-ed pieces for his newspaper. Now he chooses the topic and lays out the main theme, but he assigns the actual copywriting to a younger staff reporter. He then proofs the work, makes a few changes, and lets it go to print under his byline. Baltes and Baltes would suggest that Micah is using which strategy? Optimization Selection Oversight Compensation Question 48 (TCO 11) Mr. Garrett often overeats, complaining that he feels hungry all the time. His doctor has suggested that this problem is due to a malfunction in the sensation associated with blood sugar levels known as deprivation. satiety. insulin. diabetes. Question 49 (TCO 12) Mahmoud's grandparents have him to help them buy a computer and teach them how to use the internet. Which of the following terms describes Mahmoud's grandparents' readiness to learn something new? Social engagement Cognitive adventurousness Geriatric thymia Super cognition Question 50 (TCO 12) Charles has recently learned that he is terminally ill. He has since begun to lash out at his family and at the medical personnel involved in his care. Kübler-Ross would suggest that this behavior can be explained by which of the following? A wish to punish others and make them feel pain, too A loss of control and sense of helplessness Cognitive changes brought on by the stress of the situation Interactions between medications Question 51 (TCOs 1, 3, and 4) Explain three basic principles of Erikson's theory of development. Question 52 (TCOs 7 and 9) Micah comes from a middle-class family. Both parents work and he has two brothers and one sister. His friend Sheila is an only child and her father is the CEO of a large company. Sheila's mother can afford to stay at home. Describe some of the differences in terms of academic achievement, social skills, and self-esteem that you might expect to see between Sheila and Micah. Question 53 (TCOs 5 and 10) Summarize some of the characteristics of both the perpetrators and the victims of partner abuse that may contribute to this violence. Question 54 (TCO 11) What are the diagnostic criteria for Internet addictive disorder? In your opinion, is IAD a legitimate disorder, or do you agree with what the text says?