NR601 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Week 5: Glucose metabolism disorders
Types of DM
1. Type 1- severe insulin deficiency resulting in reduction or absence of functioning beta cells in
the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. T
...
NR601 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Week 5: Glucose metabolism disorders
Types of DM
1. Type 1- severe insulin deficiency resulting in reduction or absence of functioning beta cells in
the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. This leads to hyperglycemia due to altered metabolism of
lipids, carbs, and proteins. Initial s/s of hyperglycemia. Subjective findings- polyuria, polydipsia,
nocturnal enuresis and polyphagia with paradoxical weight loss, visual changes and fatigue.
Objective-dehydration(poor skin turgor and dry mucous), wt loss despite normal/increase
appetite, reduction in muscle mass. DKA-fatigue, cramping, abnormal breathing
2. Type 2- Type 2 DM is characterized by the abnormal secretion of insulin, resistance to the action
of insulin in the target tissues, and/or an inadequate response at the level of the insulin receptor.
A patient may, however, present with pruritus, fatigue, neuropathic complaints such as
numbness and tingling, or blurred vision.
3. Prediabetic- fasting glucose consistently elevated above the normal range but less than 100-125.
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) state of hyperglycemia where 2 hr post glucose load glycemic
level is 140-199
Diagnostic criteria- there are 4 lab-based criteria to confirm DM: A1C, random plasma glucose, fasting
plasma glucose, and 2-hr post load plasma glucose
AIC of 6.5 or higher=diabetes
Random plasma glucose level of 200 WITH classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or a
hyperglycemic crisis
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