*NURSING > EXAM > Chapter 13 ATI MedSurg; Fluid and Electrolytes Balance and Disturbance Questions & Answers (A+ Solut (All)

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Chapter 13 ATI MedSurg; Fluid and Electrolytes Balance and Disturbance Questions & Answers (A+ Solutions)

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Chapter 13 ATI MedSurg; Fluid and Electrolytes Balance and Disturbance Questions & Answers (A+ Solutions)-1. A client with pancreatic cancer has the following blood chemistry profile: Glucose, fasting ... : 204 mg/dl; blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 12 mg/dl; Creatinine: 0.9 mg/dl; Sodium: 136 mEq/L; Potassium: 2.2 mEq/L; Chloride: 99 mEq/L; CO2: 33 mEq/L. Which result should the nurse identify as critical and report immediately? • Potassium, since 2.2 mEq/L as critical because a normal potassium level is 3.8 to 5.5 mEq/L. 2. Following a unilateral adrenalectomy, a nurse should assess for hyperkalemia as indicated by: • muscle weakness. 3. A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2 days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3–) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance? • Metabolic alkalosis as indicated by a pH over 7.45 with a HCO3– level over 26 mEq/L. 4. Which set of arterial blood gas (ABG) results requires further investigation? • pH 7.49, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, PaO2 89 mm Hg, and HCO3– 18 mEq/L 5. Which electrolyte is a major cation in body fluid? • Potassium is a major cation that affects cardiac muscle functioning. 6. A group of nursing students are studying for a test over acid-base imbalance. One student asks another what the major chemical regulator of plasma pH is. What should the second student respond? • Bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer system 7. Which of the following arterial blood gas results would be consistent with metabolic alkalosis? • Serum bicarbonate of 28 mEq/L 8. Air embolism is a potential complication of IV therapy. The nurse should be alert to which clinical manifestation associated with air embolism? • Chest pain 9. The nurse is caring for a patient with hypernatremia. What complication of hypernatremia should the nurse continuously monitor for? • Cerebral edema 10. The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes type I who is having severe vomiting and diarrhea. What condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration should the nurse assess for? • Metabolic acidosis 11. A client is taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to control her hypertension. Her serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. For this client, the nurse's priority should be to assess her: • electrocardiogram (ECG) results, ECG results should take priority because changes can indicate potentially lethal arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. 12. A client with a suspected overdose of an unknown drug is admitted to the emergency department. Arterial blood gas values indicate respiratory acidosis. What should the nurse do first? • Prepare to assist with ventilation. 13. A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic feeling thirsty with dry, sticky mucous membranes; decreased urine output; fever; a rough tongue; and is lethargic. Serum sodium level is above 145 [Show More]

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