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Patho Case Study

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“On our honor, we pledge that we have neither given nor received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment.” Case Study #18: Cirrhosis Pathogenesis Cirrhosis is defined a ... s an irreversible condition caused by cellular injury and fibrosis, and is the final pathological result of various chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Zhou, Zhang & Qiao 2014, p. 7312). The pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis involves damage to parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) and nonparenchymal cells (liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells (Zhou, Zhang & Qiao 2014, p. 7313)). Cellular injury can be caused by alcoholism, viruses, steatosis and chemical exposure (McCance & Huether 2014, p. 1460). Pathological characteristics that are common to all causes of liver cirrhosis include degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, replacement of liver parenchyma by fibrotic tissues and loss of liver function (Zhou, Zhang & Qiao 2014, p. 7313). One type of nonparenchymal liver cell involved in the initiation of liver fibrosis is the hepatic stellate cell (HSC), which normally contains lipid droplets and fat soluble vitamins (Goldblum & Odze, 2015). HSCs become activated when exposed to inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-1, which leads to cell migration and proliferation, and the HSCs transform into myofibroblasts [Show More]

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