NBME Sample Questions & Answers

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NBME Sample Questions & Answers-Mitotic cyclin synthesis - G2 phase Vitamin E def anemia - Hemolytic anemia~ red antioxidants vs B12 def (megaloblastic macrocytic anemia) Hemolysis~ dec Hgb/hematocrit, inc LDH (normal MCV), and neurologic symptoms vs B12 def: dec Hgb/hematocrit, inc MCV, and neurologic symptoms (dorsal column) Volume of distribution - Vd = (amount of drug in the body) / (plasma drug concentration) Achondroplasia - Endochondrial ossification dysfunction (inhibit chondrocyte proliferation) TGF beta over expression - Fibroblast growth factor ~ keloid and hypertrophic scar development Thyroglossal duct cyst - a palpable cystic midline mass (fill w/mucous) in the neck sub>supra hyoid bone ~incomplete closure of the thyroglossal duct lined by lymphoid and mucous cells Connects tongue to thyroid gland developing: originates from tongue tissue Doesn't close completely-> cyst (fill w/mucous) -enlarge in infections, inc mucous, form thyroid cancer via ectopic thyroid tissue Moves w/tongue mvmt Immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) - Measurement in blood of newborn babies is an assay in rapidly increasing use as a screening test for cystic fibrosis Positive~ CF (2 mutations- AR to cause CF phenotype) Mullerian agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome) vs androgen insensitivity - Both present w/blind vaginal pouch and absent 1st menstrual period AI: XY w/absent hair development (inc tesoterone-> estrogen production and female characteristics) MIF still made in embryo, also may be very tall~ lack of androgen mediated growth plate closure MA: XX w/NORMAL hair development suspensory ligament of ovary - Ligament that contains ovarian vessels -posterior to ligament~ ureter Oophorectomy: divides suspensory ligament~ risk of ovarian vessel of ureter damage Ureter: also runs behind the uterine artery (F) and vas deferens (M) near its entrance to the bladder delirium tremens (DTs) - the dramatic physical and psychological effects of alcohol withdrawal -> autonomic instability~ hypokalemia (catecholamine mediated intracellular shifts of K+ via inc Na/K+ ATPase activity)-> arrythmias Beneficence - weighing risks and costs of procedure against the benefits of treat ment vs nonmaleficence: avoiding the causation of harm Zellweger syndrome - Peroxisomal disease can't metabolize very long chain FA (VLCFAs) or branched-chain FAs (e.g. phytanic acid, via alpha-oxidation) Serum: high bilirubin, AST/ALT and VLFAs** Can't form myelin in CNS. Hypotonia, seizures, hepatomegaly, jaundice, MR, facial defects-look like jimmy neutron Myositis ossificans - a condition in which bone forms in and replaces muscle tissue~Ca deposition as a result of trauma Radiation therapy - treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation~ Free radical (OH-) formation ~ Xray or gamma

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