ATI - RN Nutrition > A-Level Question Paper > 6__Nutrition_Lecture_Notes_Outline.docx (All)

6__Nutrition_Lecture_Notes_Outline.docx

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Nutrition is vital for life and health; poor nutrition can seriously decrease one's level of wellness, which makes it a vital component of nursing Principles of Nutrition:  Nutrition- study of how food nourishes the body; it encompasses the study of nutrients and how they are handled by the body as well as the impact of human behavior and environment on the process of nourishment  Nutrients- specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury  Most nutrients work better together than they do alone; also, nutrient needs change throughout the life cycle in response to changes in body size, activity, growth, development, and state of health  Some nutrients are considered essential because either they are not synthesized in the body or are made in insufficient amounts; must be provided in the diet or through supplements o Essential nutrients that supply energy and build tissue (Carbohydrates, fats, protein) are referred to as macronutrients o Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals)- required in much smaller amounts to regulate and control body processes  Nonessential nutrients do not have to be suppled through dietary sources because they either are not required for body functioning or are synthesized in the body in adequate amounts; some nutrients can be converted to others in the body  Of the 6 classes of nutrients, 3 supply energy (carbohydrates, protein, lipids (fats)) and 3 are needed to regulate body processes (vitamins, minerals, water) 2 Energy Balance:  Body needs energy to function; energy is derived or obtained from foods consumed; energy in the diet is measured in form of kilocalories, calories, or cal; only carbohydrates, protein, and fat provide energy; vitamins and minerals needed for metabolism of energy, do not provide calories  Total energy intake for a meal, a day, or longer, can be calculated by using food composition tables  Energy in the body is used to carry on any kind of activity, whether voluntary or involuntary; person's total daily energy expenditure is the sum of all the calories used to perform physical activity, maintain basal metabolism, and digest, absorb, and metabolize food  If a person's daily energy intake is equal to total daily energy expenditure, the person's weight will remain stable; however, if the energy intake is less than the energy expended, the person's weight will decrease; if energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, weight will increase

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