ADC ICRC EXAM 2023 LATEST UPDATE

Process of addiction: stage one experimental and social use of occasional frequency sometimes as a result of curiosity, obtaining social acceptance, and thrill seeking. The experience is eutrophic and there are little n ...

Process of addiction: stage one experimental and social use of occasional frequency sometimes as a result of curiosity, obtaining social acceptance, and thrill seeking. The experience is eutrophic and there are little noticeable changes. process of addiction: stage two abuse use becomes regular happening without friends sometimes alone or during the day time. Use may be a result of stress, anxiety, and trying to maintain eutrophic feeling. Changes in personality, conflict in relationships, lying. process of addiction: stage three dependency/addiction daily use and any means necessary to obtain. result of motivation to avoid pain and escape reality. guilt shame possible suicidal ideation. Physical deterioration of health. Chance of overdose. Substance use disorder specifiers in early remission, in sustained remission, on maintenance therapy, and in a controlled environment Five components of effective treatment assessment, patient-treatment matching, comprehensive services, relapse prevention, accountability central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord peripheral nervous system the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body somatic nervous system the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles autonomic nervous system the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms. sympathetic nervous system part of the autonomic system that controls the "flight-or-fight" response in organisms. parasympathetic nervous system the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy Dopamine A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system. Acetylcholine A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction Norepinephrine A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning and mood regulation Serotonin A neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Neurotransmitter that reduces activity across the synaptic cleft and thus inhibits a range of behaviors and emotions, especially generalized anxiety. Glycine an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the spine. enkephalins and endorphins pain killing properties extracted from brain and pituitary gland. Reuptake A process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane. medulla oblongata Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion. Pons A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain Midbrain A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward. Cerebellum A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills. Thalamus the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla Subthalamus Involved in control of several functional pathways for sensory, motor, and reticular function Hypothalamus A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward. limbic system neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives Cerebrum Largest part of the brain; coordinates thought, reasoning, movement, and memory, includes the cerebral cortex and the white matter beneath it. frontal lobe A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement parietal lobe receives sensory input for touch and body position temporal lobe A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.