Needs Assessment
to gather information to determine what health education activities are appropriate in a given setting, systematic planned collection of information about the health knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, m
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Needs Assessment
to gather information to determine what health education activities are appropriate in a given setting, systematic planned collection of information about the health knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, motivation, and practices, attitudes, motivation, and practices of individuals or groups and the quality socioeconomic environment where they live
primary data
data gathered directly from the or about the individual or population of interest. surveys, interviews, focus groups and direct observation
secondary data
data that have already been collected by others that may or may not be directly gathered from the individual or population assessed. peer reviewed journals
stakeholders
may be involved in program operations as program manager, program staff, partners, funding agencies, coalition members
Process for needs assessment
1. determine the scope of work and the purpose for the needs assessment.
2. gather the data
3. analyze the data
4. identify any factors linked to the health problem
5. identify the focus for the program
6. validate the need before continuing with planning process
theories & program planning
help shape the answers to the questions what, why, and how
5 models of needs assessment
epidemiological model, public health, social, asset, rapid
epidemiological model
focuses on epidemiological- death rates, prevalence rates, birth rates
public health model
attempts to quantify health problems and often uses epidemiological data- more focused on specific population and can be mindful of limitations of resources
social model
investigates social or political issues thatt influence health
asset model
focuses on strengths of a community, organization, or population and looks to find ways to use existing assets to improve health
rapid
a framework used when time and money are lacking for a needs assessment- it offers basic information but is lacking in detail
community forum or public meetings
bring together people in a particular populations to discuss their perceptions of the community health problems
focus group
individuals invited to participate based and led by a group administer
nominal group processes
highly structured process in which a few representatives from the priority population are asked to respond to questions based on specific needs. Uses small groups of five to seven with each member of the group having equal voice and voting. Participants share their opinions by privately ranking ideas proposed and then sharing ranking with the group in round robin fashion- time consuming
Delphi Panel
group process that generates consensus by using a series of mailed or e-mailed questionnaires. Involves three groups- decision makers, staff, and program participants. Questionnaire containing one or two broad questions is sent to the entire group- answers are analyzed. process repeats three to five times with more specific questions each time
self assessment instruments
require people to answer questions about their weight, health history, behavior, screening results- gives client a risk assessment result
community capacity inventory
tool for identifying community resources. Developing a written list of the skills and talents of individual community members, associations, and resources in the neighborhood as a whole- found out by surveys, newspapers, soliciting
community asset map
tool for identifying community resources. created by community members as the "map" local resources, abilities, and other building blocks for community growth and change. Visual assets of a community- library, playground, school, parks, houses of worship
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