ASWB LCSW Exam Prep, Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, graded A+

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ASWB LCSW Exam Prep, Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, graded A+ Erikson's 8 Stages of Development - ✔✔-trust vs mistrust autonomy vs shame and doubt initiative vs guilt indus ... try vs inferiority identity vs identity confusion intimacy vs isolation generativity vs stagnation integrity vs despair trust vs mistrust - ✔✔-infancy - 1-year-old Erikson's first stage during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm manner autonomy vs shame and doubt - ✔✔-1-3 years Erikson's stage in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt initiative vs guilt - ✔✔-3-6 years Erikson's third stage in which the child finds independence in planning, playing and other activities Industry vs. Inferiority - ✔✔-6 years-puberty Erikson's stage when the child learns to be productive identity vs. role confusion - ✔✔-Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves Intimacy vs. Isolation - ✔✔-young adulthood Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families generativity vs stagnation - ✔✔-Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service Ego Integrity vs. Despair - ✔✔-(Erikson) People in late adulthood either achieve a sense of integrity of the self by accepting the lives they have lived or yield to despair that their lives cannot be relived Six levels of cognition - ✔✔-knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation Jean Piaget - ✔✔-Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor, 2. preoperational, 3. concrete operational, and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation Lawrence Kohlberg - ✔✔-moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he steal the medication and why? sensorimotor - ✔✔-birth-2 years describes Piaget's stage in which the child explores the world through interaction of his mouth and hands with the environment preoperational stage - ✔✔-in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic concrete operational stage - ✔✔-in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events formal operational stage - ✔✔-in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts Moral Development Stages - ✔✔-preconventional, conventional, postconventional preconventional morality - ✔✔-elementary school level a stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences for the actor conventional morality - ✔✔-early adolsecense a stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules postconventional morality - ✔✔-adult third level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the person's behavior is governed by moral principles that have been decided on by the individual and that may be in disagreement with accepted social norms Behaviorist theories - ✔✔-these theories focus on the way rewards and punishment shape our actions (ex. Pavlov & Skinner) cognitive theories - ✔✔-theories that emphasize mental processes in development, such as logic and memory (ex. Piaget) humanistic theories - ✔✔-theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth (ex. Maslow) social/situational theories - ✔✔-learning is obtained between people and their environment and observations of social context (ex. Bandura) respondent behavior - ✔✔-behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus operant behavior - ✔✔-behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences Respondent Conditioning - ✔✔-A stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in which a neutral stimulus (NS) is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response. (ex. Pavolv0 operant conditioning - ✔✔-a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher (ex. Skinner) positive reinforcement - ✔✔-Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food; any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. negative reinforcement - ✔✔-the reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus positive punishment - ✔✔-the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring negative punishment - ✔✔-the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring aversion therapy - ✔✔-treatment that uses punishment to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors biofeedback - ✔✔-The process of learning to control bodily states by monitoring the states to be controlled Extinction - ✔✔-the diminishing of a conditioned response flooding - ✔✔-a treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless in vivo desensitization - ✔✔-Brief and graduated exposure to an actual fear situation or event. modeling - ✔✔-the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior rational emotive therapy - ✔✔-A Cognitive Therapy based on Albert Ellis' theory that cognitions control our emotions and behaviors; therefore, changing the way we think about things will affect the way we feel and the way we behave. Shaping - ✔✔-an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior systematic desensitization - ✔✔-A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. time out - ✔✔-an extinction process in which a person is removed from the situation that provides reinforcement for undesirable behavior, usually by being placed in a quiet corner or room away from possible attention and reinforcement opportunities token economy - ✔✔-an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats Ethnicity - ✔✔-Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. race - ✔✔-Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor. cultural identity - ✔✔-Ones belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural aspect cultural, racial, and ethnic identity development - ✔✔-reencounter, encounter, immersion-emersion, internalization and commitment preencounter - ✔✔-At this point, the client may not be consciously aware of his or her culture, race, or ethnicity and how it may affect his or her life encounter - ✔✔-an event that provokes thought about the role of culture, race, or ethnicity identity in their life immersion-emersion - ✔✔-the status in which white people begin to form a more positive white identity and to focus on changing whites, not blacks internalization and commitment - ✔✔-individuals develop a secure racial-ethnic identity that is internally defined and at the same time are able to establish genuine interpersonal contacts with members of the dominant group and other multiracial groups Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ✔✔-(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization physiological needs - ✔✔-the most basic human needs to be satisfied- water, food, shelter, and clothing safety needs - ✔✔-need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; need to feel safe, secure, and stable social needs - ✔✔-the need for love, companionship, and friendship- the desire for acceptance by others esteem needs - ✔✔-need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect from others self-actualization needs - ✔✔-need to live up to our fullest and unique potential attachment theory - ✔✔-a theory about how our early attachments with our parents shape our relationships for the rest of our lives John Bowlby - ✔✔-Attachment theory. Identified the characteristics of a child's attachment to his/her caregiver and the phases that a child experiences when separated from the caregiver within an evolutionary context psychodynamic theories of personality - ✔✔-view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences Humanist Theories of Personality - ✔✔-emphasi [Show More]

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