Pathophysiology > STUDY GUIDE > PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE (All)

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE

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1.It is true that a eukaryotic cell: A.Is smaller than a prokaryotic cell. B.Contains structures called organelles. C.Lacks a well-defined nucleus. D.Does not contain histones. Rational ... e Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and histones, they have a welldefined nucleus, and are larger than prokaryotic cells. 2.The function of a histone found in a eukaryote cell focuses on cellular: A.Division B.Movement C.Activities D.Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding Rationale The histones are binding proteins that cause the supercoiling of DNA into chromosomes and do not affect cellular division, movement, or activities. 3.An organelle that is responsible for the metabolism of cellular energy is referred to as a/an: A.Golgi complex B.Mitochondrion C.Endoplasmic reticulum D.Nucleolus Rationale Mitochondria play a role in cellular metabolism, cellular respiration, and energy production. The Golgi complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are synthesized. The nucleolus is a small, dense structure that contains the ribonucleic acid (RNA), DNA, and DNAbinding proteins. 4.Which statement best describes a desmosome? A.A desmosome is a barrier to diffusion. B.Desmosomes hold cells together by continuous bands. C.A desmosome is a communicating tunnel. D.Desmosomes function as a zona occludens. Rationale The desmosome is a type of cell junction. The other two types include tight junctions and gap junctions. Desmosomes hold cells together by forming a continuous band of epithelial tissue or belt (or button like) points of contact. They are also a source of structural stability. Tight junctions serve as barriers to diffusion and prevent the movement of substances through transport proteins. Gap junctions are clusters of communicating tunnels. 5.Which statement describes the function of a second messenger? A.Extracellular ligand that binds with membrane-bound receptors B.Intracellular enzyme that once will trigger a cascade of intracellular events C.Chemical messenger that opens specific channels in the cell membrane D.Chemical messenger that blocks a membrane-bound receptor signal Rationale The binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor triggers the activation of intracellular second messengers. Second messengers activate signal transduction pathways in the cell that can initiate different intracellular events. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and calcium (Ca++) are the two major secondmessenger pathways. First messengers are the extracellular ligands that bind to cell surface receptors. Binding of first messengers can result in the opening or closing of specific cell membrane channels or the activation of second messengers. [Show More]

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