Chapter 13: Health Policy, Questions with accurate answers. Rated A

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Chapter 13: Health Policy, Questions with accurate answers. Rated A Please note: - ✔✔Healthcare in the US is still mostly private; although the government continues to fund programs (Medicaid ... , Medicare, VA, etc); the private sector still plays the largest role. What is health policy? - ✔✔Health policy can be defined as "the aggregate of principles, stated or unstated, that ... characterize the distribution of resources, services, and political influences that impact on the health of the population What is health policy? (2) - ✔✔Public policies are: 1. Authoritative decisions made in the -legislative (congressional) -executive (presidential) -judicial (supreme court) branches of the government 2. intended to direct or influent the actions, behaviors, and/or decisions of others -health policies are public policies that pertain to or influence the pursuit of health -health policies are aggregate of principles that distribute resources, services, and political influences that impact the health of the population Different forms of health policy - ✔✔-health policies can affect groups or classes of individuals, such as physicians, the poor, elderly and children -types of organizations such as medical schools, HMOS, nursing homes, medical technology producers and employers Regulatory Tools - ✔✔-call on government to prescribe and control the behavior of a target group by monitoring the group and imposing sanctions if it fails to comply Allocative tools - ✔✔involves the direct provision of income, services or goods to a group of individuals or organizations Distributive type of allocative tool - ✔✔-spread benefits throughout society ex: research conducted by the national institutes of health (NIH) -distributive policies spread the benefits throughout society Redistributive type of allocative tool - ✔✔-take money or power from one group and give it to another ex: addressing infant mortality rate in a community with a higher rate or among a group with a higher rate ... - ✔✔-Principal features of U.S. health policy: Government functions as a subsidiary to the private sector; -In the US, the development to health policies are fragmented, incremental, and follows a piecemeal reform process; -Many of these policies are pluralistic and based on the influence of Interest Group Politics (e.g., the AMA or AARP) What's the importance of the Decentralized Role of the States in health care? - ✔✔States play major role in licensing medical professionals, regulating insurance companies, the training of health professionals; but not a major role providing all funding for graduate medical residents Principle features of US health policy - ✔✔-its fragmented -incremental -piece metal reform -pluralisitic (special interest) -decentralized role for the states, and the impact of presidential leadership -these features interact or influence the development and evolution of health policy Principle features of US health policy (2) - ✔✔-healthcare is not seen as a right of citizenship or a primary responsibility of government -the private sector has a dominant role -Americans prefer market solutions over government intervention -the complexity of health care makes it difficult for many customers to make informed decisions Government - ✔✔-government has grown incrementally in response to perceived problems and negative consequences -policy interventions begin with the identification of a problem where markets fail or do not function well -health coverage is a privilege -government is left to fill the gap for the most vulnerable of the uninsured population Consumers are: - ✔✔increasingly worried about being able to access health care as well as their ability to receive quality care Impact of presidential leadership - ✔✔-presidents have the opportunity to influence congressional outcomes through their efforts to develop compromises that allow bills with at least some of their preferred agendas to be passed -Example: Lyndon B. Johnson's role in the passage of medicare and medicaid; patient protection and affordable care act (ACA) signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2011, compromises comprehensive reform legislation designed to increase American's access to healthcare Policy cycle - ✔✔The formation and implementation of health policy occurs in a policy cycle comprising five components 1. issue raising 2. policy design 3. building of public support 4. legislative decision making and building of policy support and 5. policy implementation [Show More]

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