Pathophysiology Quiz Questions with accurate answers, rated A. 2022/2023

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Pathophysiology Quiz Questions with accurate answers, rated A. 2022/2023 A postmenopausal patient with a family history of breast cancer develops osteoporosis. The patient ask the nurse about med ... ications to treat this condition. The nurse knows which is the medication for this patient. • Raloxifene • Estrogen • Teriparatide • Pamidronate - ✔✔Raloxifene The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving vancomycin. The patient is experiencing flushing, rash, pruritus, and urticarial. The nurse knows these findings are consistent with • Rhabdomyolysis • Allergic reaction • Red man syndrome • Stevens-Johnson syndrome. - ✔✔Red man syndrome A nurse is teaching a nurse student what it meant by generations of cephalosporin's. Which statement by the student indicates understanding of the teaching? • First generation cephalosporins have better penetration of the cerebrospinal fluid • Cehaphlosporins are assigned to generations based on their relative cost to administer • Cephalosporins have increased acivity against gram-negative bacteria with each generation • Later generations of cephalosporins have lower resistance to destruction be beta-lactomases. - ✔✔Cephalosporins have increased acivity against gram-negative bacteria with each generation Which food should the nurse instruct the patient taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to avoid? • Bread • Squash • Cantaloupe • Green Beans - ✔✔Cantaloupe A patient is on a total parenteral nutrition (TPN). What solution can be used if the TPN runs out before a new bag is available. • Ringers Lactate (RL) • Normal Saline (NS) • Dextrose 10% In water (D10W) • Dextrose 5% in water (D%W) - ✔✔Dextrose 10% In water (D10W) A patient with hypercalcemia is receiving digoxin. The nurse plans to incorporate which of the following assessments? • Frequent pulse checks • Auscultation of bowel sounds • Checking for Trousseau's sign • Inspection of the skin for signs of bleeding - ✔✔frequent pulse checks A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of gentamicin to a patient wo is receiving the drug 3 times daily. The nurse will monitor which labs? • Peak levels • Trough levels • Serum drug levels • A &B - ✔✔A&B Which of the following is the recommended size to recommended size to be used for flushing central venous catheters? • 3ml • 5ml • 10ml • 20ml - ✔✔10ml A nurse would expect the health care provider to order Kayexalate to treat a patient who has • Hyperkalemia • Hypercalcemia • Hypernatremia • Hypermagnesemia - ✔✔hyperkalemia A patient is admitted to the orthopedic floor with a diagnoses of osteomyelitis. What intervention should the nurse anticipate the primary health care provider to order? • Complete bed rest • IV antibiotic therapy • Administration of blood • Administration of pain meds with patients controlled analgesia device - ✔✔IV antibiotic therapy A general sign/symptom that develops with both diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus is A) Polydipsia B) Inability to produce ADH C) Inability to produce insulin D) Elevated blood glucose and urine glucose levels - ✔✔Polydipsia When clarifying the use of the term "diabetes". The nurse must understand that Diabetes insipidus us a(n) _____________ disorder, where Diabetes mellitus is a(n) ___________ disorder. A) Parathyroid, adrenal B) Adrenal, parathyroid C) Pancreatic, pituitary D) Pituitary, pancreatic - ✔✔pituitary, pancreatic The pancreas is stimulated to increase release of glucagon by A) Elevated blood glucose levels B) Decreased blood glucose levels C) Elevated blood potassium levels D) Decreased blood potassium levels - ✔✔decreased blood glucose levels Which of the following statements best describes the difference in the characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes? A) persons with type 2 diabetes will have developed ketoacidosis, leading to the initial diagnosis. B) Autoimmune factors are more likely to be a cause/contributing factor for type 1 diabetes than for type 2 diabetes. C) Persons with type 1 diabetes may be asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis but rapidly develop complications D) Persons with type 2 diabetes usually require lower doses of insulin because of the presence of some functioning beta cells. - ✔✔autoimmune factors are more likely to be a cause/contributing factor for type 1 diabetes than for type 2 diabetes Which of the following signs/symptoms is characteristic of Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) ? A) ketones in the urine B) signs of dehydration C) kussmaul respirations D) a sweet, fruity odor to breath - ✔✔signs of dehydration The nurse is caring for a patient recovering from Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). The patient asks the nurse how DKA occurs. The best response by the nurse is: A) "Excess glucose in the blood metabolized by the liver into acetone, which is acidic in nature." B) "An insulin deficit promotes metabolism of fat stores. Which produces large amounts of acidic ketones." C) "Insufficient insulin leads to cellular starvation and as cells rupture, they release organic acids in the blood." D) "When an insulin deficit causes hypoglycemia, then carbohydrates are demyelinated by the liver causing acidic byproducts." - ✔✔An insulin deficit promotes metabolism of fat stores, which produces large amounts of acidic ketones. Which of the following explanations describes how glucagon assists in maintaining blood glucose levels? A) Glucagon prevents hypoglycemia by promoting glucose release from liver storage sites. B) Glucagon coverts the excess glucose into glycogen. Lowering blood glucose levels in time of excess. C) Glucagon is a stored form of glucose and can be broken down for energy when blood glucose levels are low. D) Glucagon enhances the activity of insulin, restoring blood glucose levels to normal more quickly after a high calorie meal. - ✔✔Glucagon prevents hypoglycemia by promoting glucose release from liver storage sites One of the main actions of insulin is which of the following? A) Stimulating an increase in metabolic rate. B) Stimulating the release of fats from adipose tissue. C) Promotion of glucose uptake via transporter by cells. D) Promotion of carbohydrate digestion via stomach cells. - ✔✔promotion of glucose uptake via transporter by cells 9. The nurse is discussing the treatment regimen for a patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. During the discussion of insulin administration, the patient asks the nurse. "Why can't I just take a pill like my friend does?" Which of the following statements indicates the patient understands the nurse's explanations? A) "The pills are not as effective as the insulin injections." B) "I will be on insulin for a short while, then I can take the pills." C) "My body does not produce insulin, therefore I must receive the injections." D) "When my body starts making insulin again, I can stop taking the injections." - ✔✔"My body does not produce insulin, therefore I must receive the injections." When blood glucose falls below normal between meals, glucagon is secreted by the pancreas to stimulate the muscle tissue and liver to break down stored glycogen. This process is called A) lipidolysis B) glipizidolysis C) glycogenolysis D) gluconeogenesis - ✔✔Glycogenolysis The primary difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is the characteristic of: A. Differentiation B. Complementation C. Compromised DNA D. Uncontrolled growth - ✔✔uncontrolled growth The most common route of metastasis is through the: A. Arteries B. Lymphatics C. Body Cavities D. Connective Tissue - ✔✔Lymphatics Which of the following represents general characteristics of cancerous cells? A. An increase in nuclear size B. A normal cellular arrangement C. A local decrease in cell number D. No variation in cell shape and size - ✔✔an increase in nuclear size Which of the following causes tends to be a factor in most cancers? A. Genetic changes B. Exposure to UV light C. Use of hormone replacement D. Compromised immune system - ✔✔Genetic changes If a cancer develops from glandular tissue, it is classified as an: A. Sarcoma B. Myeloma C. Leukemia D. Adenocarcinoma - ✔✔Adenocarcinoma MS is characterized by: A. Progressive demyelinization of the white matter of the CNS B. Impairment of cerebral circulation C. Deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine D. Beta-amyloid plaques - ✔✔progressive demyelinization of the white matter of the CNS One of the common signs/symptoms of many cancer is: A. Unexplained weight loss B. Recurrent abdominal pain C. Stool positive for occult blood D. Diffuse bruising of extremities - ✔✔unexplained weight loss When it comes to diagnosis and treatment of cancer, early detection: A. Offers no change in prognosis B. Always leads to complete cure C. Often leads to a better prognosis D. May lead to less effective treatment - ✔✔Often leads to a better prognosis The nurse is caring for a patient with a tumor. The lab report states the tumor spread from primary to distant sites. The nurse understands the tumor is in which state? A. Seedasis B. Metastasis C. Angiogenesis D. Carcinogenesis - ✔✔Metastasis Most cancers tend to be carcinomas. A carcinoma originates from: A. Plasma Cells B. Lymph tissue C. Epithelial tissue D. Connective Tissue - ✔✔Epithelia tissue The nurse is caring for a 65-year-old with left sided weakness, numbness of the left hand, difficulty speaking, and difficulty swallowing. The family states the patient lost consciousness 4 days ago while at a birthday party. The nurse would anticipate the diagnosis to include a) Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) affecting the left cerebral hemisphere b) Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) affecting the left cerebral hemisphere c) Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) affecting the right cerebral hemisphere d) Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) affecting the right cerebral hemisphere - ✔✔Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) affecting the right cerebral hemisphere The patient with Parkinson's Disease (PD) tells the nurse that the resting tremor present in the right hand is very frustrating. The nurse advises the patient to do which of the following? a) Practice deep breathing for relaxation b) Take a warm bath to aid in microcirculation to the extremities c) Hold an object in that hand to control hand movements d) Take diazepam (Valium) as need for relaxation of muscles - ✔✔Hold an object in that hand to control hand movements The nurse assesses the patient's understanding of discharge needs and goals after experiencing a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). Which patient statement indicates further information and teaching will be necessary? (Select All That Apply) a) "I'm getting at least a year's supply of adult disposable briefs." b) "I will never have another stroke." c) "I've got to find a walking buddy." d) "I'm getting rail installed in my tub." e) "I'll be glad to get home and have a cigarette." - ✔✔"Im getting at least a year's supply of adult disposable briefs." "I will never have another stroke." "I'll be glad to get home and have a cigarette." Signs/symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease are caused by a) An inflammatory process affecting peripheral motor nerves b) An autoimmune process that attacks neurons in the periphery c) Slowing of cerebrospinal blood flow due to chronic inflammation d) Degeneration of neurons leading to a decrease in the size of the cerebrum - ✔✔Degeneration of neurons leading to a decrease in the size of the cerebrum A patient is admitted to the emergency department with acute onset of loss of sensation and weakness in the left side. What other symptoms would alert the nurse to the presence of a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)? (Select All That Apply) a) Difficulty speaking b) Hyperglycemia and history of type 2 diabetes mellitus c) Loss of coordination and trouble walking d) Sudden difficulty with vision e) Facial weakness and an asymmetrical smile - ✔✔Difficulty speaking [Show More]

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