Acid: Correct Answer: A substance which releases hydrogen ions
when dissolved in water. Most acids will dissolve
the common metals and will react with a base to
form a neutral salt and water. An acid is the opposite
...
Acid: Correct Answer: A substance which releases hydrogen ions
when dissolved in water. Most acids will dissolve
the common metals and will react with a base to
form a neutral salt and water. An acid is the opposite
of an alkali, has a pH rating lower than 7.0,
will turn litmus paper red, and has a sour taste.
Acidity: Correct Answer: The quantitative capacity of water or a
water solution to neutralize an alkali or base. It is
usually measured by titration with a standard solution
of sodium hydroxide, and is expressed in
ppm or mg/L of its calcium carbonate equivalent.
Accuracy: Correct Answer: The difference between the readings
of an instrument and true value of what is being
measured, expressed as a percent of full
instrument scale.
Air Gap: Correct Answer: A clear vertical space through the free
atmosphere, between the lowest opening of any
pipe or faucet conveying water or waste to a tank
plumbing fixture receptor or other device, and the
flood level rim of the receptacle. An air gap is used
to prevent cross connection between a water treatment
device and a possible source of wastewater,
thereby preventing a reverse flow of water from
the sewer into the water supply system. Without
an air gap, such reverse flow could occur due to
an increase in the pressure in the sewer system
or the creation of a negative pressure in the water
supply line. Local plumbing codes usually require
the air gap to be twice the diameter of the inlet,
with a minimum width of 1.5 inches.
Alternating current (AC Power): Correct Answer: Electrical current
that alternates direction in cycles called hertz.
American Wire Gage (AWG): The U.S. standard
for wire size.
Alkalinity: Correct Answer: The quantitative capacity of water to
neutralize an acid; that is, the measure of how
much acid can be added to a liquid without causing
a significant change in pH. Alkalinity is not the
same as pH because water does not have to
be strongly basic (high pH) to have a high alkalinity.
In the water industry, alkalinity is expressed in
mg/L of equivalent calcium carbonate. There are
three kinds of alkalinity: carbonate, bicarbonate,
and hydroxide alkalinity. Total alkalinity is the sum
of all three kinds of alkalinity. Different tests are
used to determine the quantity of the different
kinds of alkalinities present in water.
Automatic Controller: Correct Answer: A device that measures the
value of a variable and operates to correct or limit
deviation from a selected reference. It includes
means for both measurement and control.
Automatic Control System: Correct Answer: Any combination of
automatic controllers connected in closed loops
with one or more processes.
Automation: Correct Answer: The employment of devices, which
automatically control one or more functions in an
industrial process.
Autotransformer: Correct Answer: A transformer used to step
voltage up or down. The primary and secondary
windings share common turns, and it provides
no isolation.
Auxiliary Source: Correct Answer: A power source dedicated to providing
emergency power to a critical load when
commercial power is interrupted.
BTU: Correct Answer: British Thermal Unit. The energy required to
raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
One pound of water at 32°F requir
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