South University, Savannah Week 2 Quiz Pathophysiology With Complete Solution | Score: 100% |

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1. Question : During a stress response, the Th1 response is suppressed by which hormone? Student Answer: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Cortisol Prolactin Growth hormone Instructor Explanat ... ion: Stress can activate an excessive immune response and, through cortisol and catecholamines, suppress the Th1 response, causing a Th2 shift. This response is not active by any of the other options. Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5 Comments: Question 2. Question : The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to: Student Answer: Tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages Process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity Destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms Promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation Instructor Explanation: C3b adheres to the surface of a pathogenic microorganism and serves as an efficient opsonin. Opsonins are molecules that tag microorganisms for destruction by cells of the inflammatory system, primarily neutrophils and macrophages. The other options do not accurately describe the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade. Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5 Comments: Question 3. Question : Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? Student Answer: The immune response is similar each time it is activated. This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 04-19-2022 02:17:06 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/14002114/Week-2-Patho-Quiz/ The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it. The immune response to a specific pathogen is short term. The immune response is innate rather than acquired. Instructor Explanation: Unlike inflammation, which is nonspecifically activated by cellular damage and pathogenic microorganisms, the immune response is primarily designed to afford long-term specific protection (i.e., immunity) against particular invading microorganisms; that is, it has a memory function. The other options are not unique characteristics of the immune response. Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5 Comments: Question 4. Question : The release of which cytokines is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer, or tissue injury, which, in turn, initiate a stress response? Student Answer: IL-1 and IL-2 IL-12, tumor necrotic factor–alpha (TNF-α), and colony-stimulating factor IFN, tumor necrotic factor–beta (TNF-β), and IL-6 IL-4 and IL-24 Instructor Explanation: Of the options offered, only the release of immune inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNF-β, and IFN is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer, and tissue injury that, in turn, initiates a stress response through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway. Points Received: 0 of 0.5 Comments: Question 5. Question : A reduction in an individual’s number of NK cells appears to correlate with an increased risk for the development of: Student Answer: Depression Type 1 diabetes Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 04-19-2022 02:17:06 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/14002114/Week-2-Patho-Quiz/ Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) Instructor Explanation: A meta-analysis of studies shows a relationship between depression and the reduction in lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity. Currently, no research supports the other options. Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5 Comments: Question 6. Question : Which cells have a role in developing cell-mediated immunity? Student Answer: Th1 CD4 CD8 Th2 Instructor Explanation: Only Th1 cells help develop cellular immunity. Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5 Comments: Question 7. Question : A nurse is providing care to a terminally ill adult who has been with his life partner for over 56 years. Research supports the nurse’s assessment of the life partner for signs of: Student Answer: Suicidal ideations Cardiac dysrhythmia Severe stress reaction Anorexia-induced weight loss Instructor Explanation: The results of a Harvard study showed evidence that a spouse’s illness or death can increase a partner’s mortality by causing severe stress and removing a primary source of emotional, psychologic, practical, and financial support. Although the other options may exist, research does not currently support them as having the stated correlation. Points Received: (not graded) This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 04-19-2022 02:17:06 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/14002114/Week-2-Patho-Quiz/ Comments: Question 8. Question : Toxigenicity is defined as the: Student Answer: Ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host Ability of the pathogen’s to produce disease by the production of a soluble toxin Ability of an agent to produce disease Potency of a pathogen measured in terms of the number of microorganisms required to kill the host Instructor Explanation: Toxigenicity is the ability of a pathogen to produce soluble toxins or endotoxins, which are factors that greatly influence the pathogen’s degree of virulence. The other options do not accurately define toxigenicity. Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5 Comments: Question 9. Question : The functions of the MHC and CD1 molecules are alike because both: Student Answer: Are antigen-presenting molecules Bind antigens to antibodies Secrete interleukins during the immune process Are capable of activating Tc lymphocytes Instructor Explanation: MHC and CD1 molecules are both APCs. The other options do not accurately describe the common function of these cells. Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5 Comments: Question 10. Question : Where are antibodies produced? This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 04-19-2022 02:17:06 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/14002114/Week-2-Patho-Quiz/ Student Answer: Th lymphocytes Thymus gland Plasma cells Bone marrow Instructor Explanation: An antibody or immunoglobulin is a serum glycoprotein produced only by plasma cells in response to a challenge by an immunogen. Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5 Comments: Question 11. Question : Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where? Student Answer: Prefrontal cortex Anterior pituitary Limbic system Hypothalamus Instructor Explanation: Perceived stressors elicit an anticipatory response that begins in the limbic system of the brain, the only option responsible for emotions and cognition. Points Received: 0 of 0.5 Comments: Question 12. Question : Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is secreted from which cells? Student Answer: Virally infected cells Bacterially infected cells Macrophages Mast cells This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 04-19-2022 02:17:06 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/14002114/Week-2-Patho-Quiz/ Instructor Explanation: Different kinds of interferons (IFNs) are produced by different types of cells—macrophages are the primary producers of both IFN-α and IFN-β. The other options do not accurately identify cells secreted by IFN-α. Points Received: 0 of 0.5 Comments: Question 13. Question : What effect does estro [Show More]

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