Evolution_STEM_Gizmo_Isabella_Struckman

What percentage of CJ bacteria are resistant to FQ? 59% If allele B made bacteria resistant to antibiotics, which of the following is correct: B, The bacteria population is less likely to be killed by antibiotics ...

What percentage of CJ bacteria are resistant to FQ? 59% If allele B made bacteria resistant to antibiotics, which of the following is correct: B, The bacteria population is less likely to be killed by antibiotics What is the total number of blue eye color alleles in these 4 cats? (Homozygous blue eye color) 8 What is the total number of blue eye color alleles in these 4 cats? (Heterozygous blue and green eye color) 4 What is the total number of blue eye color alleles in these 2 cats? (Homozygous green eye color) 0 What is the total number of alleles for eye color in the population of 10 cats? 20 If someone has a trait that makes them live much longer than other people but they cannot reproduce, what happens to their fitness? Decreased fitness If the birds only like to eat blue berries, what is the selective pressure the birds are putting on the bushes? For more plants to have blue berries If a bird species that prefers blue berries entered the area, how would it affect the number of bushes that make each color of berry? Red: decrease Blue: increase Purple: decrease Which type of selection would be caused by this bird species? Directional Which type of selection would be caused by a bird species that prefers both blue and red berries, but not purple berries? Disruptive A bird species likes both red and blue berries, but can digest berry seeds. This means that berries eaten by the bird do not become bushes, and that the most successful berries are ones that simply fall to the ground. Which type of selection is caused by this bird species? Stabilizing A bird species enters the environment, but we do not know which berry color it prefers. Is the bush population more likely to survive if it has many berry colors, or just one berry color? Many colors, if all the colors are available it’s guaranteed at least some of the bushes will be given improved fitness by the birds and likely thrive. If only one is available it’s more likely the birds won’t be able to help them at all and they might all die. You have two populations of beetles, one with 100 individuals and one with 500 individuals. Two trees randomly fall - one on each population of beetles. Each tree kills 50 beetles in each population and causes genetic drift. Which of the following is true? C, The tree falling on the smaller population will have a bigger effect on allele frequency. Suppose an entire colony of lemmings is chased by a predator and most of them jump off a cliff and perish. Fortunately, a few of them don't jump and re-establish their colony (Re-established Colony) and a few of the jumpers land in the water, survive the fall and establish a second colony on a nearby island (Island Colony). Which of the following characterizes the type of change causing a reduction in the genetic variation that occurs in these 2 colonies? B, Re-established Colony is a Bottleneck Effect; Island Colony is a Founder Effect Which of the following is an example of gene flow? C, A seagull with a black beak lands on the island, which is populated by seagulls with yellow beaks. An earthquake causes a population of 10 deer with long tails to panic and move to a population of 90 deer with short tails. Over time, the allele frequency for long tails increases from 10% to 30%. Match this scenario to its mechanism of evolution. Gene flow In a population of goats, the males have horns of different sizes. The male goats compete for females by ramming their horns into one another. The male goat with larger horns usually wins the fight and gets to reproduce. Over a few generations, the average horn length of the population gets larger. Match this scenario to its mechanism of evolution. Natural selection In a population of toucans, some have red feathers and others do not. Farmers cleared some of the forest to grow crops and randomly destroyed many toucan nests. As a result, the frequency of the red feather allele decreased from 65% to 48%. Match this scenario to its mechanism of evolution. Genetic drift How do you think new proteins affect the fitness of children? D, all of the above What effect do you think genetic drift would have on the genetic diversity of a population? Decrease Choose which way of evolution caused the FQ antibiotic resistance. Natural selection, Since antibiotics are constantly fed to the chickens, only the few bacteria within the population that are resistant to the antibiotic will survive. From there it will reproduce and more and more of the population over time will have that allele. Which of the following conclusions can be made from this experiment? C, Neither Salmonella nor E. Coli can send genes to CJ bacteria. The CJ bacteria in the chickens at Monita Farms have a high frequency of the allele that causes FQ resistance. If genetic drift was the cause, would this allele also be in bacteria at the Original Farm? Yes What do the results tell us about the experiment? C, Because the bacteria in the control were almost 100% alive, we know that any deaths of bacteria in the other samples was because of the antibiotics. Bacteria that are resistant to more than one antibiotic are called superbugs. Compare the control and antibiotic data from the three farms and select all the true statements. A: Another superbug was created by using the same method of giving antibiotics to chickens as Monita Farms. C: The data for the control farm shows that not administering antibiotics helps to prevent superbug creation. This is your final chance to revise your hypothesis. Explain how this new data supports your hypothesis. Since antibiotics are constantly fed to the chickens, only the few bacteria within the population that are resistant to the antibiotic will survive. From there it will reproduce and more and more of the population over time will have that allele. This experiment proves this because the control farm did not have an increase in FQ resistant alleles while the farm fed antibiotics did. Since the other bacteria cannot transfer alleles to CJ, it is likely gene flow is not the cause of this increase in FQ resistance. Since the allele is new and did not come from the original farm's CJ population, this was likely not a result of genetic drift. What are "superbugs"? Why are they so dangerous? Superbugs are strains of bacteria that have evolved to become resistant to the antibiotics designed to kill them. They are dangerous because they are immune to our medicine’s and every time they evolve a new antibiotic has to be designed to get behind their defenses and kill them which is difficult and costly. Explain how this experiment showed that gene flow was not the cause of antibiotic resistance. Since the other bacteria cannot transfer alleles to CJ, it is likely gene flow is not the cause of this increase in FQ resistance. Gene flow is the movement of individuals and the genetic material they carry, from one population to another and could have been the cause of the antibiotic resistance if it were possible for genes to flow between the populations of bacteria. Explain how this experiment showed that genetic drift was not a cause of the antibiotic resistance Genetic drift could have caused the FQ antibiotic resistance if the population of CJ bacteria was created with bacteria with a gene for resistance. Since the allele is new and did not come from the original farm's CJ population, this was likely not a result of genetic drift. Explain how the superbug was created. Since antibiotics are constantly fed to the chickens, only the few bacteria within the population that are resistant to the antibiotic will survive. From there it will reproduce and more and more of the population over time will have that allele. Experiment 3 proves this because the control farm did not have an increase in FQ resistant alleles while the farm fed antibiotics did.