STUDY GUIDE ANSWER KEY FOR FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING

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11. Answer 4: NAPNES would assist a nurse who is seeking information about LPN/LVN standards. The purposes of NAPNES and National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN) are to: Set standards for practical/vocational nursing programs. Promote and protect practical/vocational nursing. Educate and inform the general public about practical/vocational nursing. For issues related to interpersonal conflict, the nurse would first attempt assertive communication with those who are bullying or harassing. If this is unsuccessful, it would be appropriate to go up the chain of command. Issues with nursing students can be reported to the nursing instructor or the education liaison. For job seeking, the nurse would use personal contacts, the Internet, or nurse recruiters. 12. Answer 4: Case management is a modified system to deliver care. The LPN/LVN assists the RN to achieve desired outcomes. The RN selects the clinical pathway and coordinates and plans patient care for individuals and groups of patients. Cross-training is another type of modified system of care. While cross-training is intended to expand the role of the employee, the LPN/LVN must not exceed scope of practice and cannot be expected to assume RN responsibilities. 13. Answer 2: Long-term care facilities employ the majority of LPN/LVNs; however, hospitals, clinics, outpatient agencies, home health agencies, insurance companies, HCP offices, and the military services offer additional opportunities. 14. Answer 1, 2, 4, 5: The LPN/LVN communicates findings to members of the health care team, demonstrates caring and empathy by using therapeutic communication skills with patients, administers care according to professional standards and collects data from multiple sources. The LPN/LVN would collaborate with the RN but would not independently create the care plan for a newly admitted patient. 15. Answer 3: Reports indicate that challenges related to feelings of social isolation, stereotyping about men who choose nursing, nursing instructors’ inability to incorporate masculine styles of caring into the curriculum, and a lack of male role models in the profession may be to blame for the high attrition of male nursing students from nursing programs. 16. Answer 4: Advance directives could include a health care power of attorney that states who should make health care decisions if the person is unable to make them. A “living will” outlines wishes about end-of-life care. Ideally, everyone should carefully consider advance directives and have discussions with family members, caregivers, and the health care team. 17. Answer 2: One of the primary problems of early nineteenth-century hospitals was poor hygienic practice. Hospitals were dirty and overcrowded and care was mostly given by untrained persons. 18. Answer 4: The population is aging rapidly and people with chronic illness are living longer. There is an increased need for nursing services for this growing segment of the population. 19. Answer 3: “Nightingale Nurses” improved patient care and advanced the practice of nursing through good hygiene, sanitation, patient observation, accurate recordkeeping, nutritional improvement, and the introduction and use of new equipment. 20. Answer 1: The four major concepts are nurse, patient, health, and environment. 21. Answer 4: Poverty, homelessness, and unemployment are barriers to accessing health care.

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