MALE
External genitalia
❖ Penis: reproductive and urinary elimination.
❖ Scrotum: External sac that houses testes.
Protects the testes from trauma & testicular
temperature regulation.
Internal reproductive organs
...
MALE
External genitalia
❖ Penis: reproductive and urinary elimination.
❖ Scrotum: External sac that houses testes.
Protects the testes from trauma & testicular
temperature regulation.
Internal reproductive organs
❖ Testes: produce male sex hormone and from
spermatozoa
❖ Ductal system: “ vas deferens” the tube in which
sperm begin the journey out of the body.
❖ Accessory glands: The seminal vesicles are
paired glands that empty an alkaline, fructose-rich
fluid into the ejaculatory ducts during ejaculation.
Prostate: muscular gland that surrounds the first part of the
urethra as it exits the urinary bladder. The alkaline fluids
secreted by these glands are nutrient plasmas with several
key functions, including the following:
❖ Enhancement of sperm motility (i.e., ability to
move)
❖ Nourishment of sperm (i.e., provides a ready
source of energy with the simple sugar fructose)
❖ Protection of sperm (i.e., sperm are maintained in
an alkaline environment to protect them from the
acidic environment of the vagina) (Hatfield 51)
Female
External genitalia
❖ mons pubis
❖ labia majora and minora
❖ Clitoris
❖ Vestibule
❖ perineum
Internal reproductive organs
❖ Vagina: muscular tube that leads from the vulva to the
uterus
❖ Cervix: dips into the vagina and forms fornices, which are
arch-like structures or pockets.
❖ Ovaries :two sex glands homologous to the male testes,
are located on either side of the uterus. (Hatfield 55)
Fallopian tubes: The paired fallopian tubes (also known as oviducts)
are tiny, muscular corridors that arise from the superior surface of the
uterus near the fundus and extend laterally on either side toward the
ovaries. The fallopian tubes have three sections
❖ Isthmus
❖ Ampulla
❖ infundibulum
Uterus: uterus, or womb, is a hollow, pear-shaped, muscular
structure located within the pelvic cavity between the bladder and
the rectum.
The uterus is divided into four sections.
❖ cervix
❖ uterine isthmus
❖ corpus
❖ fundus (Hatfield 53)
Menstrual cycle
Two main components : Ovarian cycle and Uterine cycle
Ovarian cycle : Cyclical changes in the ovaries occur in
response to two anterior pituitary hormones:
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone
(LH). There are two phases of the ovarian cycle, each
named for the hormone that has the most control over that
particular phase. The follicular phase, controlled by FSH,
encompasses days 1 to 14 of a 28-day cycle. LH controls
the luteal phase, which includes days 15 to 28
❖ Follicular phase
❖ Luteal phase
Uterine cycle: changes that occur in the inner lining of the
uterus. These changes happen in response to the ovarian
hormones estrogen and progesterone.
There are four phases to this cycle:
❖ Menstrual
❖ Proliferative
❖ Secretory
❖ ischemic.
Cellular development
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