Community Study Guide for the HESI

Keep in mind: This guide does not necessarily mean you will see these topics. There may be other topics that are not included here. I just did an internet search to see which topics are most frequently covered and hav ...

Keep in mind: This guide does not necessarily mean you will see these topics. There may be other topics that are not included here. I just did an internet search to see which topics are most frequently covered and have tried to give you some pointers here. Review Healthy People 2020 objectives in the chapters of your textbook- Just familiarize yourself with them. These are the basis for community health programs. Page 80, 201 Leading Health Indicators 1. Access to Health Services 2. Clinical Preventative Services 3. Environmental quality 4. Injury and violence 5. Maternal, Infant, and Child health 6. Mental health 7. Nutrition, physical activity, and obesity 8. Oral health 9. Reproductive and sexual health 10.Social determinants 11.Substance abuse 12.Tobacco Population Groups across the Lifespan and their Health Risks Infants Number 1 cause of injury or death is suffocation followed by Motor Vehicle Accident then Homicide. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Infection is the most significant cause of illness in infants and children. Vertical transmission of infection- Passage of a disease-causing agent (pathogen) from mother to baby during the period immediately before and after birth. Transmission might occur across the placenta, in the breast milk, or through direct contact during or after birth. For example, HIV can be a vertically transmitted pathogen. Also known as perinatal transmission. Children Obesity – Healthy people objectives have addressed youth fitness and obesity Defined by using BMI which is a ratio of weight to height Risks for childhood obesity were related to obesity in the parents Obesity rates are higher in populations such as Native American, Hispanic, and African Americans groups. Lower socioeconomic groups in urban settings have been associated with higher rates. Injuries and Accidents- Number one cause of death in ages 1 – 24 yrs. Motor vehicles accidents are the leading cause of death among children and teenagers. Toddlers experience a large number of falls, poisonings, and motor vehicle accidents Lead poison from lead based paint in older homes is a health concern. Lead has detrimental effects particularly on the neuro system. Can decrease IQ. If on WIC and have lead poisoning the program will provide additional foods high in calcium and iron. Review treatment of lead poison. – Chelation therapy and a diet high in calcium, vitamin C and iron. Don’t want BLL > 5mcg/dL Infant Mortality Rate: the measure most commonly used around the world as an indicator of overall health and availability of health services. May want to review how to calculate it. #of infants <1 who die/ # of live births in same year School age children have the lowest injury death rate; however, this group has difficulty judging speed and distance, placing them at risk for pedestrian and bicycle accidents. Vision screening in young children would match shapes or colors. Adolescents: Injury accounts for 75% of all deaths and risk-taking becomes more conscious at this time especially among males. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youths between the ages of 15 and 24. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among youth between the ages of 10 and 24 years. Community health programs for adolescents should focus on suicide prevention. Developing a smoking program for adolescents- first want to determine the incidence of smoking among the teenagers in the community. Menomune vaccine given to adults younger than 30. It prevents infection by certain groups of meningococcal bacteria. Discharge teaching- give Tylenol, watch for signs and symptoms of reaction such as fever, behavior change, seizures or difficulty breathing. Acute Illness- also a significant cause of illness in children.