C224 Objective Assessment

C224 Objective Assessment What is the purpose of evidence in research? - ✔✔Support Theories What is the primary objective of education research that studies a phenomenon of which little is known? - ✔✔To understand Wh ...

C224 Objective Assessment What is the purpose of evidence in research? - ✔✔Support Theories What is the primary objective of education research that studies a phenomenon of which little is known? - ✔✔To understand What is a variable in educational research? - ✔✔A measurable characteristic Which type of qualitative data analysis places a high priority on being true to, respecting, and capturing the details of individual situations? - ✔✔Unique Case Orientation On which principle do mixed methods researchers base their design and research? - ✔✔Pragmatism When designing a mixed methods study, which two factors must a researcher consider when combining qualitative and quantitative approaches? - ✔✔Sample Relationship and Time Order What belief did John Dewey hold that influenced action researchers? - ✔✔What works in one school will automatically work in another. Which two types of calculations are descriptive statistics designed to interpret? - ✔✔Averages and Measures of Spread How does a statement of purpose differ from a research question in a quantitative study? - ✔✔The purpose statement describes the type of relationship between variables while the research question asks if a specific relationship exists between variables. What is the name of the process where one determines the truth of a conclusion by determining the truth of the underlying premises? - ✔✔Deductive Reasoning What type of statistics allows quantitative researchers to draw conclusions about populations? - ✔✔Inferential To obtain results that are defensible and trustworthy, what should action researchers do? - ✔✔Gather and keep track of evidence of successful and effective interventions What is the emphasis of action science (AS), a form of action research? - ✔✔Organizations Which research activity is occurring when a researcher assigns numerical scores to achievement tests by adding up the total number of correct answers? - ✔✔Measurement An action researcher designs a study that has weak internal validity. What might the researcher do to help strengthen the research? - ✔✔Use mixed methods to align both the strengths and limitations of each approach Case Study - ✔✔Holistic narrative that triangulates data and places study into a meaningful context Narrative Inquiry - ✔✔Account that includes patterns, connections, and insights uncovered Ethnography - ✔✔Extensive description of physical and social settings aimed at holistic understanding Phenomenology - ✔✔Rich narrative that lets readers experience phenomenon through eyes of participants Grounded Theory - ✔✔Methodological description followed by proposed theory built during the study What are two steps of hypothesis testing? - ✔✔State the null and alternative hypotheses; obtain the probability value. What are two primary purposes of a literature review? - ✔✔Determine whether a problem has already been researched; Point out methodological problems associated with a research question Basic Research - ✔✔generates fundamental knowledge and theoretical understanding about primary human functions and other natural processes, such as language acquistition; experimental and lab controlled Applied Research - ✔✔answers real-world, practical questions to provide relatively immediate solutions Evaluation Research - ✔✔determines how well social or educational programs work in real-world settings, and any possible improvements (Formative and summative) Action Research - ✔✔Addresses and solves specific problems which local practitioners face in their schools and communities, conducting research directly in their classroom, etc. Orientational Research - ✔✔collection information for advancing specific ideological, political position to improve society Epistemology - ✔✔Studying knowledge itself Empiricism - ✔✔All knowledge comes from experience Reasoning - ✔✔idea that reason is the primary source of knowledge; aka rationalism Deductive Reasoning - ✔✔process of drawing a conclusion that is essentially true if the underlying premises are true Inductive Reasoning - ✔✔Observing many specific instances and drawing a general conclusion Problem of Induction - ✔✔The future might not resemble the past. Science - ✔✔An approach to the generation of knowledge holding empirical data in high regard and follows certain norms and practices because of their usefulness Ontology - ✔✔Researcher's understanding of truth and reality Inferential Statistics - ✔✔Use data to estimate characteristics of the larger population EPSEM - ✔✔equal probability of selection method Intervening Variable - ✔✔Occurs between the independent and dependent variable; smoking-->LUNG DAMAGE-->cancer Moderator Variable - ✔✔Changes the relationship between the two variables; lesson type -->STUDENT PERSONALITY TYPE-->test scores Extraneous Variables - ✔✔Variables other than the independent variable that affect the dependent variable; must be controlled Causal Comparative Research - ✔✔Examines the relationship between one or more independent variables and one or more dependent variables; non experimental Post-Structuralism - ✔✔Historical intellectual movement that rejects truth and emphasizes differences, interpretations, and the power of ideas over people's behavior Postmodernism - ✔✔Historical intellectual movement that emphasizes individuality, constant change, and lack of foundations for thought Warranted Assertibility - ✔✔is present when you have good evidence about your research claim Pragmatism - ✔✔what is valid or justified is what works in each situation and what promotes social justice Dialectical Approach - ✔✔advocates a dynamic back and forth, listening to multiple perspectives Intermethod Mixing - ✔✔two or more instruments are used in mixed research Intramethod Mixing - ✔✔quant and qual