Anatomy
and Physiology
Cell Structure
Ribosomes - Synthesize proteins.
Golgi Apparatus - Synthesizing material outside of cell.
Vacuoles - Storage, digestion, waste removal.
...
Anatomy
and Physiology
Cell Structure
Ribosomes - Synthesize proteins.
Golgi Apparatus - Synthesizing material outside of cell.
Vacuoles - Storage, digestion, waste removal.
Cytoskeleton - Shape/support cell.
Microtubules - Part of cytoskeleton.
Cytosol - Liquid material in cell.
Cell Membrane - Defines cell as barrier and allows enter/exit of materials.
ER - Smooth or Rough - Transport system of cell.
Mitochondria - Generates ATP, powerhouse.
Animal Cells
Centrosome - Pairs of centrioles, involved in mitosis.
Centriole - Cylinders involved in cellular division.
Lysosome - Digests proteins, lipids, and carbs and transports undigested substances to membrane for removal.
Cilia - Cause cell to move.
Flagella - whip tail to move cell.
Mitosis
Interphase - Cell prepares for division by replicating genetic/cytoplasmic material -longest phase.
Prophase - Chromatin thickens into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate. Pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides of cell and spindle fibers form.
Metaphase - Spindle moves to center of cell and chromosome pairs align along center of spindle structure.
Anaphase - Chromosome pairs pull apart into daughter chromosomes.
Telophase - Spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane reforms or is pinched.
Cytokinesis - Physical splitting of cell.
Meiosis:
Same as mitosis except happens twice, results in 4 daughter cells instead of 2.
Respiratory System
Perfusion - The passage of fluid to an organ or tissue.
Pleura - A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity.
Surfactant - Fluid secreted by alveoli and found in the lungs.
Tidal Volume - The amount of air breathed in a normal inhalation or exhalation.
Trachea - Windpipe which connects the larynx to the lungs.
Ventilation - Movement of air in and out of the body.
Medulla Oblongata - Controls respiration.
Right lung has 3 lobes; left lung has 2 lobes.
Cardiovascular System
Arteries - Carry blood AWAY from heart, veins carry blood to heart.
Pulmonary Loop - Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium (to lungs then body).
Systemic Loop - Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium (to body).
Systole - 1. Ventricles contract 2. AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) close = “lub”.
Diastole - 1. Ventricles fill 2. Semilunar valves close = “dub”.
Sinoatrial Node - “pacemaker” of heart.
White blood cells divided into leukocytes and lymphocytes.
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