Nutrition proctored
Ch 1
3 macronutrients in the foods we eat
Carbs
Protein
Fat
Carbs
Should make up 45-65% of calories
Function:
Provide energy
Help regulate fat and protein metabolism
Cardiac and
...
Nutrition proctored
Ch 1
3 macronutrients in the foods we eat
Carbs
Protein
Fat
Carbs
Should make up 45-65% of calories
Function:
Provide energy
Help regulate fat and protein metabolism
Cardiac and CNS functioning
Carbs provide 4 cal per gram of energy
Glycogen
Def: stored carb energy in liver and muscle ad is released in between meals to help
regulate blood sugar levels
Fiber 25 g
38 g /day men
Protein
10-35 % of calories
0.8 g/per kg of body weight
Function: tissue building, metabolism, immune function, maintain neutral nitrogen
balance, wound healing
Complete proteins have essential amounts of all 9 essential amino acids
Found in Animal sources and soy
There are also incomplete proteins
Provide 4 cal/g of energy
Protein energy malnutrition
Koashacore
Marasmus
Lipids/ fats
20-35% daily calories
Less than 10% from sat fats and ideal less than 7%
Stored energy for body, padding and insulation, hormone production and fat
soluble vitamins.
Cholesterol limited to 200-300 mg/day
9 cal/ g of energy
Vitamins
Fat-soluble and water
Water
Vit c and B complex (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, folate, cobalamin
Vitamin C
Tissue building
Metabolism
Iron absorption *
Found in
Fruits and citrus juices
Tomatoes
Green leafy peppers
Deficiency
Scurvy
Bleeding
Joint pain
Swollen gums
Times of stress and illness ^
Smokers need more
B complex
Metabolism ‘engery
Nerve functions
Foods
Meats
Milk
Grains
Whole grains
Lumens
Green leafy vegs
Deficiency
Thyamin B1 – Berry berry – common with ETOH
Riboflavin B2 – chilosis, glositits
Folate – neuro inutero defects
Cobalamin B12 – pernicious anemia
Intrinsic factor lacking can cause lack of B12 absorpt.
Fat-soluble
ADEK
Carry a risk of toxicity bc they are stored in the body for a a long time. So you can over
dose.
Conditions that impair the absorption of fat-s vitamins
cystic fibrosis
ciliac
chrons
A
Vision
Skeletal and soft tissue
Foods
Orange and yellow fruits and veggies
Fish
Eggs
Liver
Dairy
Deficiency
Vision issues
Sarathalmia – dry cornea or conjunctiva
D
Absorption of calcium and phosphorus
Key role in bone mineral absorption
Source
Sunlight
Milk
Fish
Eggs
Deficiency
Rickets
Bone loss
E
Antioxidant
Foods
Fat foods – veg oils, nuts, drk green vegs and whole grains
Deficiency
(rade)
muscle pain, weakness and poor balance
K
Blood clotting and bone maint,
Found
Drk green veg
Carrots
Eggs
Deficiency
Increased bleeding time
Antidote for warfarin or Coumadin
Electrolytes
Na 136-145
Func: Maint of fluid balance and nerve and muscle function
Found
Salt and processed food
Hypernutremia
Hypervolemia
HTN
Hyponutremia
Confusion * elderly
Muscle cramp
N/V
Ha
K 3.5-5
Funct: maintains ICF, nerve and help reg musle and heart contraction
Foods
Bananas
Potatoes
Oranges
Dried fruit
Avos
Drk green veg
HyperKalema
Dysryhtmias
Muscle weak
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