HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide 2022 with Complete Solution
Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) -Answer- Dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells
Circulating leukocytes involved in innate res
...
HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide 2022 with Complete Solution
Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) -Answer- Dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells
Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) -Answer- Monocytes and neutrophils
Phagocytic immune cells (2 types) -Answer- Macrophages and neutrophils
Difference between macrophages and neutrophils? -Answer- Neutrophils are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after eating a microbe; macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic cells and waste
General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells release them?) -Answer- Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. Pro-inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel endothelium to recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue
Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon activation? -Answer- Mast cell
Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood vessel walls? -Answer- Adhesion molecules
E-Selectin -Answer- An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down circulating leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction)
E-Selectin Ligand -Answer- A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes that helps them stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response
ICAM-1 -Answer- An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes bind to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity interaction)
Integrins (and the name of a specific one) -Answer- A class of adhesion molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response
Stable Arrest -Answer- When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop within the endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can enter the tissue
Pus -Answer- Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result of an inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
Psoriasis overview -Answer- Autoimmune disease that can cause skin plaques and arthritis; Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating into the skin and initiating an inflammatory response
Psoriasis risk factors -Answer- History of strep infections, skin injury, first degree relative with psoriasis
TNF-alpha in psoriasis -Answer- A pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in psoriasis that recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts directly on epithelial cells to produce thickened/raised patches
Psoriasis treatment (biologics) -Answer- Target the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and therefore prevent the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and prevent TNF-alpha from acting directly on epithelial cells
Possible side effects of medications that block adhesion molecules -Answer- Susceptibility to infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry into tissue
[Show More]