Industrial Revolution time interval
correct ans- 1760-1850
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
correct ans- Great Britain
Industrial Revolution
correct ans- Period of burst of major investigation and economic
...
Industrial Revolution time interval
correct ans- 1760-1850
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
correct ans- Great Britain
Industrial Revolution
correct ans- Period of burst of major investigation and economic expansion in certain
industries 1760-1850 (term coined in 1830s)
What made some places more "inventive" than others?
correct ans- 1. Life expectancy -- live longer, more time to invent
2. Labor scarcity -- necessity is the mother of invention
3. Patent laws -- can't make profit off your invention without paying you (wouldn't invent
if just got ripped off)
4. Education system -- more educated, better at inventing
Individualism
5. Scientific outlook and tolerance for different ideas
6. Contact with other societies -- more diverse ideas exposed to, more likely to invent
Why Britain first?
correct ans- 1. Unique set of possibilities and constraints
2. Sci Rev + Enlightenment → more weight put on research and experimentation for
understanding natural world
3. Intellectual culture -- embraced public sharing of knowledge
4. 17th century rural industry expansion → English woolen cloth surplus
5. Atlantic economy and trade with India and China also benefiting Britain by 18th
century
6. Strong agricultural game
7. High wages, abundant food
8. Rich natural resources, well-developed infrastructure
9. High taxes → navy (strongest in the world) protecting imperial commerce and army to
stop worker uprisings
10. High tariffs on imported goods → industries protected
11. Political stability
12. Stable banking system
13. Stable legal system (patents enforced)
Britain's unique set of possibilities and constraints
correct ans- -Abundant coal
-High wages
-Peaceful, centralized government
-Well-developed financial systems
-Powerful in empire & global trade (slavery included)
Mercantilism in British colonies, power in Latin America, and the transatlantic slave
trade led to what?
correct ans- Abundance of raw materials (ex. cotton) and growing market for British
manufactured goods
Britain's strong agriculture
correct ans- Continually adopting new methods of farming → increased farming
efficiency → more food, smaller workforce
How did high wages and abundant food help begin the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
correct ans- 1. Average family did not need to spend everything just on food -- more
buying of manufactured goods
2. Can pay to send kids to school → British more educated than rest of Europe
Britain's geographical convienience
correct ans- -Cheaper to ship goods by water than land -- no part of England further
than 50 miles from navigable water
+1770s canal-building boom to made this an even greater advantage
-Abundance of coal, high wages in manufacturing
-->Unique position that it was advantageous for manufacturers to develop new coalbased technologies to increase productivity
--In regions with lower wages (ex, India, China) cost of creating new technologies
outweighed gains in productivity
Britain's political stability at onset of Industrial Revolution
correct ans- No war fought on British soil in a long time, ppl more likely to feel
comfortable investing
How did Britain's stable banking system help begin the Industrial Revolution?
correct ans- Trustworthy access to credit -- people more likely to invest
Why did the Industrial Revolution NOT begin in Continental Europe?
correct ans- 1. Violent French Revolution → many inventors left France and country
recovering from turmoil
2. France also lacked natural resources -- not as much iron, coal as Britain
3. England running out of land, but France didn't have that issue -- agricultural system
still doing well, not as much push into cities as in Britain
3. Much of coal in France in southern part -- hard to get there
4. Germany had lots of coal and iron, but divided into 39 separate states after Congress
of Vienna and each of them had their own trade policies so to get goods (ex. coal) from
one part to the other had to pay tariff each time passed thru a different state -- very
costly to bring coal from one part of the country to another
Scientific farming
correct ans- Application of new technology such as the seed drill, crop rotation, and
fertilization to the agricultural industry
Crop rotation (Charles "Turnip" Townsend)
correct ans- Ineffectiveness of 3 field system
-If farm same land over and over again, crops wear out soil
-3 field system divided field in 3 -- used 2 to farm and let other regenerate (but ⅓
completely unused)
Townsend found different crops behaved differently
**Wheat, corn, barley wear out soil
**Turnips, clover regenerate soil
By rotating different crops can produce
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