PHI 210- WEEK 5 WEBTEXT with answers.
Which of the following is a sign that an article might come from a fake news website?
• The article includes a lot of references and citations to trustworthy sources.
• You
...
PHI 210- WEEK 5 WEBTEXT with answers.
Which of the following is a sign that an article might come from a fake news website?
• The article includes a lot of references and citations to trustworthy sources.
• You can verify the claims in the article on reputable news sources.
• The article takes a thoughtful, nuanced view of a complex issue.
• The claims presented in the article are often implausible, sensational, or not easily verified on other websites.
.
Which of the following BEST describes how the information in the passage supports or refutes the original claim?
• The passage only discusses how limonoids are the chemicals that give lemons their bitter taste, and it gives no information about the relationship between this chemical and cancer.
• The passage supports the claim by explaining how the cancer-fighting properties of a chemical found in lemons kill cancer cells much more effectively than chemotherapy.
• The passage discusses research about a link between a chemical found in lemons and slowing cancer cell growth, but it asserts that there is not enough research to demonstrate that this chemical directly prevents or cures cancer in humans.
• The passage acknowledges that eating lemons will cure cancer, but this has only been proven in people with breast cancer.
Based on what you know now and what you see on that site, how should you treat the creditability of the claim?
• You should withhold your judgment, because the website above does not cite any sources about where this claim came from.
• You should assume it’s true, because the website above affirms the claim and it is not a fake news source.
• You should assume it’s true, because a debunking website hasn’t disproven it.
• You should assume it’s not true, because the website above disproves the claim.
According to the Wikipedia article about the Great Molasses Flood, how many people were killed by a wave of rushing molasses?
• 35
• 150
• No one was killed; the article states that it’s a just a local legend.
• 21
How does the body count reported in the articles above compare to what Wikipedia says?
• The articles reveal that the body count was far higher than what the Wikipedia article states.
• The articles reveal that the body count was far lower than what the Wikipedia article states.
• The articles do not mention how many people died in the Great Molasses Flood.
• The articles report the same body count as the Wikipedia article.
According to the Wikipedia article about coyote attacks on humans, how many fatal coyote attacks on humans have been confirmed?
• 48
• over 160
• 41
• 2
How does the information in the Humane Society article compare with the Wikipedia article?
• The Humane Society article reports fewer human fatalities than the Wikipedia article.
• The Humane Society article reports the same number of human fatalities as the Wikipedia article.
• The Humane Society article reports many more human fatalities than the Wikipedia article.
• The Humane Society article does not mention how many humans have been killed by coyotes.
Arlene is a neurologist and claims that if you have less sleep one night, you’re likely to have more vivid and numerous dreams the following night. You might be inclined to question Arlene’s expertise on the subject if you found out which of the following things?
• The vast majority of neurologists believe that less sleep yields less dreaming the following night.
• Arlene provides support for her claim and cites other well-respected experts in the field.
• Arlene has been working at a sleep research center for the last 12 years.
• Arlene has a PhD and has been certified by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
If an article has been peer-reviewed, you can count on which of the following?
• Other experts in the field have assessed it for quality control.
• The facts contained within it are guaranteed to be accurate.
• It is less credible than mainstream news outlets.
• It probably has a strong bias.
What mistake did NPR make when reporting the Giffords story?
• They reported that Giffords had been shot, but only the people around her had actually been shot.
• They reported that Giffords had been killed, but she was actually still alive and in the hospital.
• They reported that the shooting had taken place in a shopping center, but it actually took place at a football stadium.
• They reported that the gunman had come up to Giffords’s desk and started shooting people, but he actually used a sniper rifle from a distance.
For what two reasons was this mistake especially serious?
This mistake was especially serious because incorrectly reporting a death is likely to cause untold grief and pain for those involved, and NPR’s reputation as a reliable news organization resulted in the false death report getting repeated by other news sources.
In this instance, NPR’s blunder was a result of which of the following mistakes?
• NPR did not use a source with accurate, firsthand information.
• NPR had only one source for the report instead of at least two.
• Senior editors were consulted before going on air.
• NPR tried to immediately correct the mistake via email.
Which of the following BEST describes the writer’s evaluation of the situation?
• NPR has lost all credibility and should never be trusted again.
• NPR got all the heat for reporting a mistake, but really their sources should be blamed.
• NPR made a terrible, harmful mistake; however, they should be commended for their willingness to admit fault.
• The scandal was overblown and it wasn’t that big of a deal that NPR made one small mistake.
Which of the following is the best approach to seeking information on the Internet?
• If you can tell a website has a bias, assume that its content isn’t true.
• Don’t trust any information from online sources, because anybody can say anything on the Internet.
• Trust everything you read on websites with URLs that end in .edu, .gov, and .org, and don’t trust what you read on websites with URLs that end in .com.
• Take advantage of the information the Internet has to offer, but approach everything you read with a critical eye.
Which of the following situations would be the MOST appropriate use of a user-written reference source like Wikipedia?
• looking up symptoms of a medical condition to determine if you have a particular disease
• learning what you need to know about Andrew Jackson so you can write a research paper evaluating his presidency
• obtaining unbiased reporting of a current event as it’s happening
• gathering some background information on what mycology is all about before diving into reading an academic article about the topic
What basic argument regarding sunscreen does this author make?
Check out the references the author provides and the sources he cites in defense of his argument. Which of the following is TRUE of the author’s use of references and citations in this article?
• The author includes only one citation to an article whose link does not work.
• The author includes several quotations from medical doctors that support his claims.
• The author makes several references in the body of the article to experts who back up his claims.
• The author uses footnotes to cite many articles that back up his claims.
According to the About page, who is the author, and what credentials does he have?
• He is a licensed chiropractor with degrees in fitness, health, and nutrition.
• He is a biologist specializing in evolutionary studies.
• He is a board-certified dermatologist with many years of medical practice.
• He is a former athlete and was an undergraduate biology major in college.
Use the website’s Home page and describe what the purpose of the website appears to be.
What basic argument regarding sunscreen do these authors make?
In this article, which of the following is TRUE of the authors’ use of footnotes and citations?
• The authors do not make any scientific claims that would require footnotes or citations.
• The authors cite one main article where they got their information.
• The authors use over 30 footnotes to back their claims, many of which point to peer-reviewed studies.
• The authors do not include any citations for the evidence presented in the article.
Who are the authors, and what credentials do they have?
• They are manufacturers of sunscreen who have spent years reviewing different brands.
• They are both medical doctors and photobiologists who study the interaction of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the skin.
• They are researchers affiliated with and funded by the National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements.
• They are investigative journalists who specialize in exposing misleading advice from pharmaceutical companies.
Use the website’s About Us page and describe what the purpose of the website appears to be.
The Skin Cancer Foundation’s purpose is to educate the public and the medical profession about skin cancer and promoting sun protection, early detection, and prompt, effective treatment as means for prevention.
Of the two websites, which is a more credible source?
• The article from the Skin Cancer Foundation is a more credible source, because it is longer and goes into more detail about the issues.
• The article from Mark’s Daily Apple is a more credible source, because the author uses his personal experience to back up his claims.
• The article from the Skin Cancer Foundation is a more credible source, because it is written by qualified experts and provides citations from other credible sources.
• The article from Mark’s Daily Apple is more credible, because it questions common wisdom and challenges claims made by the FDA.
Explain to what extent you think that this website is credible. Include information such as who the author is, whether or not the author cites sources, and your ruling on this site’s credentials.
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