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Comprehensive Counseling Exam Latest 2023 Graded A+

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Comprehensive Counseling Exam Latest 2023 Graded A+ Frank Parsons ✔✔The founder of vocational guidance movement (career counseling theory) who developed the idea of matching careers to talents, skills, and personality (talent-matching approach --> Trait and Factor Theory of Occupational Choice) Rudolf Dreikurs ✔✔Developed Alfred Adler's system of individual psychology into a pragmatic method for understanding the purposes of reprehensible behavior in children and for stimulating cooperative behavior without punishment or reward. Alfred Adler ✔✔Founder of Adlerian psychology (also called individual psychology. Emphasis on feelings of inferiority in personality development. One of the first practitioners to provide family and group counseling and address community health. He argued for a holistic view of an individual and social equality. Theory of three life tasks - occupation, society and love and developed the concept of social interest. Built upon personality theory. B.F. Skinner ✔✔Operant conditioning - using positive or negative reinforcement to modify behavior. Behaviorism Albert Ellis ✔✔Rational Emotive Behavior Theory (REBT) - an action-oriented psychotherapy that teaches individuals to identify, challenge, and replace their self-defeating beliefs with healthier ones that promote emotional well-being and goal achievement. Pre-cursor of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Albert Bandura ✔✔Social Learning Theory - behavior is learned from the environment through observational learning, which they imitate with either reinforcement or punishment. Also called Social Cognitive Theory now. Helped transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. Also responsible for the theoretical construct of self-efficacy (believing in yourself to take action). Bobo doll experiement (agression) E.G. Williamson ✔✔Proponent of the Trait and Factor Approach (matching character traits and jobs/careers). In the 1930's he developed the first comprehensive theory of counseling, which grew out of the ideas of Frank Parsons. John Holland ✔✔Theory for Career Choice was based on taking an assessment to find one's personality type (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional - RIASEC) to match up with an appropriate work environment. Choosing a work environment that matches your personality type will make one more successful and satisfied. John Krumboltz ✔✔Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC) supports clients' indecision and unanticipated opportunities in the career field. Planned happenstance. John Bowlby ✔✔Sought to understand relationship between children's

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