MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE: PART-1 1. CHALAZIONS – Benign, chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation of the eyelid Causes – blockage of the meibomian cyst Risk – hordeolum or any condition which may impede flow through the mei
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MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE: PART-1 1. CHALAZIONS – Benign, chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation of the eyelid Causes – blockage of the meibomian cyst Risk – hordeolum or any condition which may impede flow through the meibomian gland. Also, mite species that reside in lash follicles Assessment – PAINLESS, NOT INVOLVING LASHES Lid edema, or palpable mass Red or grey mass on the inner aspect of lid margin Prevention – good eye hygiene Treatment – warm, moist compresses 3x per day Antibiotics not indicated because chalazion is granulomatous condition, if secondarily infected consider SULFACETAMIDE, ERYTHROMYCIN Follow up – 2-4 weeks, if still present after 6 weeks follow up with ophthalmologist 2. BLEPHARITIS – Inflamation/infection of the lid margins (chronic problem) 2 types – seborrheic (non ulcerative) : irritants (smoke, make up, chemicals) o s&s – chronic inflammation of the eyelid, erythema, greasy scaling of anterior eyelid, loss of eyelashes, seborrhea dermatitis of eyebrows and scalp Ulcerative- infection with staphylococcus or streptococcus o s&s – itching, tearing, recurrent styes, chalazia, photophobia, small ulceration at eyelid margin, broken or absent eyelashes the most frequent complaint is ongoing eye irritation and conjunctiva redness Treatment – clean with baby shampoo 2-4 times a day, warm compresses, lid massage (right after warm compress) For infected eyelids – antistaphyloccocal antibiotics BACITRACIN, ERYTHROMYCIN 0.05% for 1 week AND QUIONOLONE OINTMENTS For infection resistant to topical – TETRACYCLINE 250 MG PO X4 DOXYCYCLINE 100 MG PO X2 3. OTITIS MEDIA- AOM is an acute infection of the middle ear The AAP Clinical Practice Guideline requires the presence of the following three components to diagnose AOM • Recent, abrupt onset of signs and symptoms of middle ear inflammation and effusion (ear pain, irritability, otorrhea, and/or fever) • MEE as confirmed by bulging TM, limited or absent mobility by pneumatic otoscopy, air-fluid level behind TM, and/or otorrhea • Signs and symptoms of middle ear inflammation as confirmed by distinct erythema of the TM or onset of ear pain (holding, tugging, rubbing of the ear in a nonverbal manner)
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