Disease Spread Question and Answers

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Why do you think it is important to cover your mouth when you cough? __It is important to cover your mouth because if you do not cover your mouth germs c ...

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Why do you think it is important to cover your mouth when you cough? __It is important to cover your mouth because if you do not cover your mouth germs could spread______ 2. Why should you always wash your hands before you eat? __________________________ __\You should wash your hands before you eat just incase your hands have germs on them that way you don’t transfer germs to your food and from the food to your mouth________________ Gizmo Warm-up When a person has a disease, his or her normal body functions are disrupted. Some diseases, such as diabetes and most cancers, are not spread from one person to another. But other diseases, such as the flu and strep throat, can be spread. These diseases are known as infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are caused by viruses, bacteria, and other agents known as pathogens. In the Disease Spread Gizmo, you will be able to observe how various pathogens can spread through a group of people. Click Play ( ) and observe. 1. Describe what happened on the SIMULATION pane: _______________________________ _As the people move around more people get affected by food_____ 2. Look at the color key on the bottom right of the Gizmo. What is happening when a person changes color? On the simulation, a person changes color to indicate the person has become infected with a disease. The color green indicates the person is infected with a foodborne disease Activity A: Person-to-person transmission Get the Gizmo ready: ● Click Reset ( ). ● On the CONTROLS tab under Active Diseases, turn off Foodborne and turn on Person to person. ● Set the Number of people to 5. Question: What factors affect how quickly a pathogen spreads from person to person This study source was downloaded by 100000796615030 from CourseHero.com on 07-07-2021 06:32:52 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/61376382/Copy-of-Juliette-Baldwin-Disease-Spread-Gizmodocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com 1. Predict: Some pathogens are spread directly from one person to another. This can happen when people come into direct contact or share items, such as drinking glasses. What do you think might affect how quickly a pathogen is spread from person to person? Population density and ease of transmission or the two primary factors affecting the infection rate of a disease 2. Identify: Select the SIMULATION tab on the left and the TABLE tab on the right. (You will want the table tab open to answer question C.) A. What does the purple person represent? An infected person B. Click Play, and observe the simulation for a while. What must happen for the disease to spread from one person to another? People must come into direct contact C. How long did it take to infect five people? _15hr_________ 3. Experiment: Click Reset. Change the Number of people to 15. Click Play, and record how long it takes to infect five people. Then repeat the experiment when there are 25 people and 35 people in the room. Number of people in room Time required to infect five people (hr) 15 5.2hr 25 4.3hr 35 3.0hr 4. Interpret: Study the data you collected. What trend do you see in the data, and how would you explain it? As the number of people in the room increased, the time required to infect five people decreased. This most likely occurred because the contact between people became more common as the room got more crowded, making it easier. For the pathogen. To spread 5.Experiment: Not all pathogens are equally infectious. Click Reset. Set the Number of people to 20. Under Probability of transmission, select Low for Person to person. On the SIMULATION tab, click Play. Record the time it takes to infect five people. Then repeat the experiment with a medium and high probability of transmission. (Note: For the “Medium” setting, move the slider half-way between the Low and High positions.) Probability of Transmission Time required to infect five people (hr) Low 74.6hr Medium 5.9hr High 3.1hr 5. Interpret: Study the data you collected in the table above. What trend do you see in the data, and how would you explain it? As the probability of transmission increased the time required to infect five people decreased is most likely occurred because a higher probability of transmission made it more likely that the pathogen would spread from one person to the next 6. Analyze: On the CONTROLS tab, place the Probability of transmission slider under Person to person half-way between Low and High. Select the SIMULATION and GRAPH tabs. Click Play. A. At what time did the disease spread most slowly? Most quickly? It's spread the most slowly in the first few hours but as more people became infected the rate of transmission increased This study source was downloaded by 100000796615030 from CourseHero.com on 07-07-2021 06:32:52 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/61376382/Copy-of-Juliette-Baldwin-Disease-Spread-Gizmodocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com B. How could you explain this change in the rate of the disease’s spread? The disease spreads when infected people meet uninfected people this happens most frequently when there are equal numbers of infected and uninfected people the disease spreads more slowly when there are very few infected people or very few healthy people Apply: An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease. How do you think a government could try to prevent an epidemic of a dangerous person-to-person pathogen? The government could be on public gatherings and encourage people to limit their contact with others Activity B: Foodborne and airborne transmission Get the Gizmo ready: ● Click Reset. ● On the CONTROLS tab under Active diseases, turn off Person to person and turn on Foodborne. Question: How do foodborne and airborne pathogens spread? 1. Predict: How do you expect the spread of a foodborne disease to be similar to and different from the spread of a person-to-person disease? Both types of diseases are transmitted when a person comes in contact with something carrying a pathogen in a foodborne disease is the pathogen is carried by food rather than a person 2. Observe: Select the SIMULATION tab. Click Play and closely watch the people moving around the room. A. What does each person do just before becoming infected? They visit the buffet table B. How are foodborne pathogens transmitted? By consuming a food/beverage that contains a pathogen C. If a person in the simulation never eats or drinks anything from the buffet table, is it possible for them to become sick with the foodborne disease? Explain your answer. In order to be infected with the food borne disease a person must eat or drink from the buffet table people are not infected with the foodborne disease in any other way 3. Analyze: Select the GRAPH tab, and wait for every person to become infected. C. At what time did the disease spread most slowly? Most quickly? The disease spread most quickly at the beginning and more slowly at the end of the simulation D. How could you explain this change in the rate of the disease’s spread? The more that time passed the more likely it was a person that would visit the buffet table in the first several hours many people visit at the table the rate of spread decreased as fewer and fewer people were left who had not visited the buffet table (Activity B continued on next page) Activity B (continued from previous page) 4. Compare: How does the spread of a foodborne pathogen compare to the spread of the person-to-person pathogen you studied in activity A? The food borne pathogen spread slower because the likelihood of coming in contact with the pathogen did not increase over time as I did with the person to person disease 5. Predict: How would you expect the spread of an airborne disease to be similar to and different from the spread of a foodborne disease and a person-to-person disease? All these diseases are transmitted when the person comes in contact with something carrying a. pathogen an airborne disease will likely be transmitted faster because it is more likely for a person to breathe in contaminated air than to come in contact with a This study source was downloaded by 100000796615030 from CourseHero.com on 07-07-2021 06:32:52 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/61376382/Copy-of-Juliette-Baldwin-Disease-Spread-Gizmodocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com pathogen carrying person or food item 6. Experiment: Run a few simulations with the airborne pathogen. A. What patterns do you notice in how the airborne pathogen spreads? The pathogen seems to spread randomly B.How does the spread of an airborne pathogen compare to the spread of foodborne and person-to-person pathogens? The person does not need to come in contact with another person or food item to become infected simply being in the room can lead to infection 7. Think about it: Suppose there is an infectious disease at a party. How could doctors tell if the disease was foodborne, airborne, or transmitted person to person? Doctors could study the rate of disease transmission and interview patients and determine where they have been and with who or what they have come in contact with before falling ill if everybody who is certain food became ill doctors would likely suspect a foodborne illness if a group of people who all came close in contact at the party became ill doctors would likely suspect a person to person to see if people became ill randomly doctors might suspect an airborne disease This study source was downloaded by 100000796615030 from CourseHero.com on 07-07-2021 06:32:52 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/61376382/Copy-of-Juliette-Baldwin-Disease-Spread-Gizmodocx/ This study resource was