Abstract:
Central dogma is the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to make proteins.
Proteomics is the large scale study of proteins, and in the first part of the experiment, actin andmyosin from five different
...
Abstract:
Central dogma is the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to make proteins.
Proteomics is the large scale study of proteins, and in the first part of the experiment, actin andmyosin from five different fish species were analyzed to determine their common ancestry.
They were then assessed via western blotting to determine the presence of myosin light chain.
The results showed that the yellow fin tuna and the swordfish shared the most protein bands,
thus they shared the most common ancestor on the cladogram, and the presence of myosin
light chains in each fish sample was detected, confirming the presence of actin and myosin in
each fish sample.
Introduction:
With over fifteen thousand varying species of fish, and an additional 150 species added
annually, how do scientists determine these species’ taxonomic classifications? With years of
evolution and genetic adaptations, even the smallest changes could create a new classification
to occur. When looking at Swordfish, Yellow Fin Tuna, Atlantic Cod Fish, Salmon, and Tilapia,
these fish vary drastically, yet, they all derive from a common ancestor. By using protein gel
electrophoresis, a technique used to examine muscle proteins, scientists are able to identify
similarities and differences in these organisms’ protein profiles. From their molecular data, it is
also possible to determine their similarities. Each protein band a fish shares in common with
another is a shared trait. A cladogram can be constructed based on the number of protein bands
the fish have in common. When two organisms share a common trait, they also share a
common ancestor. Actin and myosin, are the primary proteins that make up muscle tissue and
are highly conserved across all animal species. Other proteins are more diverse, varying even
among closely related species (1).
Proteomics is the study of proteins and their environment, and aims to describe each
protein in an organism. A proteome is the collection of proteins that make up an organism and
vary amongst cells and different organisms. They are constantly changing through various
interactions both biologically and environmentally. A specific tool most commonly used in
proteomic research is an immuno-detection technique known as Western Blotting. This
technique is used to detect and quantify proteins in complex biological samples. Gel
electrophoresis and western blotting are used to identify a subunit of a myosin light chain from
the different proteins that make up the muscle tissues of fish samples. The myosin light chain
proteins will be compared for each sample (1).
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