ATI – NCLEX Predictor Remediation Study Notes

ATI – NCLEX Predictor Remediation Study Notes

Renal Calculi - Pain: Flank pain → Kidney or Ureter (if pain radiates → stones in ureter or bladder)

Performing Ear Irrigation: Sterile technique, warm meds, pull up & back, tilt toward affected ear

Thrombolytic Therapy (Stroke): Reteplase recombinant (rTPA – clot buster) w/ in 4.5 hours of initial symptoms

Trach care: Dressing ∆, inner cannula ½ hydrogen peroxide, & stoma □ knot

Head injury (changes in LOC): Length of time unconscious & GCS

General anesthesia (post-op): ABC’s – full body assessment, Vitals every 15 minutes, Lateral position (if unresponsive or unconscious
- monitor LOC), Fluids/Electrolytes

Superficial Burns: Painful, pink, red, mild edema (3-6 day healing), damage to epidermis

Dialysis (reporting unexpected findings): Temp of 100 degrees, ↓ BP, bleeding, 1 L of fluid = 1Kg, clotting, H/A, Nausea, Disequilibrium syndrome (rapid ↓ BUN & Fluid volume), anemia, peritonitis, ↑ BG, ↑ cholesterol

Pacemaker (complications): Infection, hematoma, pneumothorax, hemo-thorax, arrhythmias, pacer spikes before P or QRS, hiccups / muscle twitching

Magnesium (Mg) Sulfate → Increase Mg+ > 1.3 Mg/dL
↑ Mg foods = (Dairy, dark leafy greens veges)
↓ Mg causes → Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
* Paresthesia’s, muscle tetany, positive chvostek’s & Trousseau’s sign, hypoactive bowels, constipation, abdominal distention, paralytic Ileus.

TPN Admin: (Total parenteral nutrition) -feeding that bypasses the GI tract. Fluids are given into a vein to provide most of the nutrients the body needs. Given when person cannot/ should not receive feedings or fluids by mouth.
Hypertonic (20-50% dextrose), Used in chronic pain, peritonitis, burns, Infection, etc
No more than 10% hourly, ↑ in rate for body adjustment, check BG
Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, vitamin deficiencies, air embolism (clamp, place in Trendelenburg pos., O2) Fluid imbalance → Fluid volume excess

Wound Culture specimen: Sterile field, press / rotate over wound surface inside the wound (center) in drainage

Diabetes Mellitus (Nephropathy): Kidney damage d/t prolonged ↑ BG & dehydration
Monitor I & O, Creatinine, BP
Avoid Soda, alcohol, acetaminophen/NSAIDS / 2 – 3 L fluid from food / beverages

Kidney Biopsy (Post op):
Monitor VS → Client receives sedation
Assess dressings & urinary output (hematuria-blood in urine)
Labs: HgB & Hct values, Admin PRN pain meds, Complications hemorrhage / infection

Thyroidectomy (Post Op): Needs Thyroid hormone replacement
Client in high fowler’s position, Respiratory (trach supplies) present, Check for laryngeal nerve damage Pain management, Hypocalcemia / Tetany can occur
Prioritization: Apply knowledge to Standards to determine priority action Systemic before Local – “Life before Limb”
Acute before Chronic
Actual Problems before Potential Future Listen carefully to clients & Don’t Assume
Recognize & Respond - Trends vs. Transient findings
 
Recognize indications - Emergencies vs. Expected

Delegate to LPN: Monitoring Findings, Reinforcing teaching, performing trach care, suctioning, checking NG tube patency, administer tube feedings, inserting urinary catheter, administering meds (No IV)

Delegate to AP: ADLs, Bathing, Grooming, Dressing, toileting, Ambulating, feeding w/out swallowing precautions, positioning, routine tasks, bed making, specimen collection, I & O, VS for stable clients, monitoring clinical manifestations after initial RN assess/eval.

Paracentesis (prep) - take out fluid from belly (peritoneal fluid) Have client VOID

Bariatric Surgery: (weight loss surgery) – Semi fowlers, 6 small meals/day, liquid/pureed food for first 6 weeks (not to exceed 1cup), Vitamin / mineral supplements, & 2 servings of protein daily.

Ostomy (in small intestine) Avoid odorous & gas foods (dark green veges, dairy, fish, eggs, beans, corn), yogurt ↓ gas
Avoid ↑ fiber foods for first 2 months, ↑ fluid intake

Dumping Syndrome: Happens within 15mins of eating.
Sx: cramps, diarrhea, tachycardia, dizziness, fatigue, hypoglycemia
Interventions: small frequent meals, drink liquids 1hr b4/after

Parkinson’s disease: Tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness in movement), postural instability
Stages:
1.    Unilateral shaking / tremor of one limb
2.    Bilateral limb involvement, difficulty walking/balance
3.    Slowed physical movements
4.    Akinesia & Rigidity make ADL’s difficult
5.    Unable to stand/walk, dependent of cares, dementia

Assault: threat Battery: touching

Hypoglycemia Sx: Shakiness, confusion, sweating, tachycardia, diaphoresis, palpitations, H/A, lack of coordination, blurred vision, seizures, coma
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: promote insulin release from pancreas (Type2 DM)
Glipizide (Glucotrol), Chlorpropamide (Diabines), Glyburide (Diabinese), Metformin (Glucophage).
* Med for insulin overdose = Glucagon

Radiation Adverse Effects: Skin changes, hair loss, debilitating fatigue, 30 minute visits / stays 6ft away / private room

Infection control in clients home: good hygiene, avoid crowded areas, avoid raw foods (veges/meats), avoid cleaning litter boxes, clean home and avoid sick family.

Client evacuation in response to fire: greatest good for the greatest amount of people

Client in seclusion: 18 yo+ → 4 hours, 9 – 17 yo →2 hours, 8 yo & younger →1 hour