• Know what is the atomic number, atomic mass, protons, neutrons and electrons
Atomic number – is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of any element
Atomic mass – is expressed in amu; is the wighted avera
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• Know what is the atomic number, atomic mass, protons, neutrons and electrons
Atomic number – is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of any element
Atomic mass – is expressed in amu; is the wighted average
Protons – are positively charged particles in the nucleus
Neutron – are neutral, have no electrical charge
Electrons – are negatively charged particles in the nucleus
Atomic number = number of protons
Atomic number – (minus) atomic mass = neutrons
• Describe the shapes of molecules H2S, CBr4, and PCl3
H2S – bent
• Number of bonded atoms: 2
• Number of lone pairs: 2
• Number of electron sets: 4
CBr4 – tetrahedral
• Number of bonded atoms: 4
• Number of lone pairs: 0
• Number of electron sets: 4
PCl3 – pyramidal
• Number of bonded atoms: 3
• Number of lone pairs: 1
• Number of electron sets: 4
• Calculating types of bonding (ionic, covalent, nonpolar covalent)
Subtract the smaller EN value from the larger EN value
• 0 – 0.4 = nonpolar covalent
• > (greater than) 0.4 – 1.7 = polar covalent
• > (greater than) 1.7 = ionic bond
Ionic bonds – is a bond that forms when electrons is being transferred from one form to another form, which results in positive and negative ions
Covalent bond – a bond formed when atoms share electrons
Nonpolar covalent bonds – when the EN is very similar between 2 atoms
Polar covalent – when the EN is different between 2 atoms
• Non – polar covalent bonds and polar covalent bonds and electron sharing
Bonding electron pair – the shared pair of electrons in covalent bonds
Nonbonding pairs or lone pairs – the electrons that are not shared as part of the covalent bond
Nonpolar covalent bonds – when the EN is very similar between 2 atoms
Polar covalent – when the EN is different between 2 atoms
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