3P Exam Study Guide - Answered with Complete Solutions

3P Exam Study Guide - Answered with Complete Solutions Pyloric Stenosis Presentation narrowing of the pyloric sphincter due to hypertrophy of pyloric muscle- forceful vomiting usually 2-3 weeks of age Hepatitis B Blood ...

3P Exam Study Guide - Answered with Complete Solutions Pyloric Stenosis Presentation narrowing of the pyloric sphincter due to hypertrophy of pyloric muscle- forceful vomiting usually 2-3 weeks of age Hepatitis B Bloodborne/body fluids highly infectious, patients who test positive for HBV and HCV should also be screened for HIV due to common transmission routes Pinworm infection Enterobiasis vermicularis- Helminths can be transmitted by the bite of blood sucking insects. TX: 3 doses of medication sep by 3 weeks Pyrantel Pamoate- two weeks apart and retest in two weeks post tx Ulcerative Colitis Only present in colon Pancreatitis Pancreas Enzymes amylase and lipase are inactivated when the pH is below 5. which of the following is NOT an enzyme produced in the pancreas? Pepsin Small Bowel Obstruction Abd pain, vomiting, inability to pass gas. Proximal- nausea and vomiting more present. Pain described as crampy and intermittent ALL Most common type of leukemia in children. Signs and symptoms fever thrombocytopenia, anemia, gingival swelling, bone pain Beta Thalassemia Mediterranean descent, genetic disorder, decreased or absent production of hemoglobin results in microcytic/hypochromic anemia. TX: Desferal removes excess iron in patients Lymph nodes Posterior auricular drain lymphatic fluid from the posterior part of the temoporparietal region. Facial nodes drain from the eyelids, the conjunctiva, and skin and mucous membranes of the nose and cheek The infraorbital or maxillary buccinators and supamandibular lymph nodes drain fluid from the eyelids, conjunctiva, and skin and mucous membranes of nose and cheek. Tonsillar lymph node is located at the angle of the mandible Lymph continued -Deep cervical nodes drain fluid from the head and neck, -Anterior mediastinal lymph nodes drain fluid from the thymus, thyroid, and anterior part of the pericardium -Axillary- fluid from breast -internal iliac lymph receive lymph from all pelvic viscera, deep part of the perineum, and the gluteal region -sup/inf mesenteric drain into small and large intestines Iron Def Anemia Microcytic/Hypochromic anemia occurs when Iron loss exceeds iron intake and iron stores deplete. (blood loss). Pica, atrophic glossitis. Vitamin B 12 Deficiency (Pernicious anemia, cobalmin def) Macrocytic/Megoblastic, B12 is water soluble vitamin necessary for RBC production. Results from a decrease in intrinsic factor due to the autoimmune destruction of parietal cells leading to reduced vitamin B12 absorption. S/S:cog impairment, fatigue, ataxia, weakness, neuropathy, glossitis, mouth ulcers When and how long to take iron supplementation for? Take 1-2 hour before meal, empty stomach, with Vitamin C. Take for 4-6 months, after iron was replaced continue to take for 12 weeks. Repeat CBC Rh incompatibility hemolutic disease of the fetus and newborn desctruction of RBC's by maternal IgG antibodies. Can lead to jaundice, anemia, fetal hydrops. Rhogam shot at 28 weeks and 72 hours of delivery to prevent Sickle Cell Repeated episodes of sickling can cause the cells to become irreversibly sickled. Hemoglobin electroparesis confirms dx. it is autosomal recessive characterized by ischemic tissue injury and chronic severe hemolytic anemia. BPH Enlargement of the prostate that narrows the urethral lumen. Risk factors Elevated PSA increased age, genetics, black and Asian. Firm smooth prostate enlarged- usually nontender, hesitancy, dribbling, incomplete bladder emptying. Avoid caffeine, ETOH, diuretics. Alpa 1 adrenergic antagonist - immediate relief, relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate (tamsulosin). 5 alphs reductase inhibitor (finasteride)- long term therapy takes 6-12 months. inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT. Hydrocele peritoneal fluid collection in scrotum. Painless swelling in scrotum, feels heavy, transillumination of scrotum (will light up brightly) Penile Cancer