ORTHODONTICS

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Unfavorable sequelae of malocclusion • Poor facial appearance • Risk of caries • Predisposition to periodontal diseases • Psychological Disturbances • Risk of trauma • Abnormalities of Function • TMJ dysfunction Aims of orthodontic treatment Jackson’s triad: 1. Functional Efficiency 2. Structural Balance: • Dentoalveolar system • Skeletal Tissue • Soft Tissue including Musculature 3. Esthetic Harmony Scope of Orthodontic Treatment 3 main tissue systems: • Dentition • Skeleton • Facial and jaw Musculature Orthodontic changes due to • Alteration in tooth position • Alteration in skeletal pattern • Alteration in soft tissue pattern 3 branches of Orthodontics 1. Preventive 2. Interceptive 3. Corrective • Surgical Orthodontics Preventive Orthodontics Characteristics of a deciduous dentition • Flush Terminal Plane • Generalized spacings on anterior teeth • Tight contacts on posterior teeth • Minimal OJ and OB • Primate spaces Characteristics of a mixed dentition • Early Mesial shift • Late Mesial shift: leeway space • Mesial inclination of the roots of 1 and 2 • Mild Crowding of antertior teeth Procedures: 1. Patient and parent education 2. Supervision of growth and development 3. Caries Control 4. Elimination of oral habits 5. Space Maintenance 1. Patient and Parent Education Aim: Increase dental awareness Begins before birth: • Infections • Teratogens • proper nutrition After birth: • Proper Brushing technique • Breast feeding? Bottle Feeding? 2. Supervision of Growth and Development Visit the dentist as soon as the 1st tooth comes out. The dentist should: • Check what is “normal” • Age and Sequence of eruption Permanent Teeth Sequence: Maxillary: 61245378 or 61243578 Mandibular: 61234578 or 61243578 Age of eruption Maxillary 1: 7-8 2: 8-9 3:11-12 4:10-11 5:10-12 6:6-7 7:12-13 8:17-21 Mandible 1:6-7 2: 7-8 3: 9-10 4: 10-12 5:11-12 6:6-7 7:11-13 8: 17-21 Deciduous Dentition Sequence: Maxillary: ABDCE Mandibular: ABCDE Age of eruption Maxillary: a:7.5 b:9 c: 19 d: 14 e: 24 Mandibular: a: 6 b: 7 c: 16 d: 12 e:20 • Less than or equal to 3 months difference in contralateral side exfoliation and shedding • Eruption should be 3-6 months after exfoliation • Delayed eruption: Check for presence of: • Over retained deciduous teeth/roots

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