Endocrine System
Anaphy of the Endocrine System
The Endocrine Glands
ENDOCRINOLOGY
● Endocrine system
● Hypothalamus
● Hormones
PITUITARY GLAND
Anterior
G
T
P
A
L
F
M
Posterior
O
A
PITUITARY GLAND
● A
...
Endocrine System
Anaphy of the Endocrine System
The Endocrine Glands
ENDOCRINOLOGY
● Endocrine system
● Hypothalamus
● Hormones
PITUITARY GLAND
Anterior
G
T
P
A
L
F
M
Posterior
O
A
PITUITARY GLAND
● Anterior pituitary
● Posterior pituitary
Posterior Pituitary Gland
SELECTED DISORDERS OF THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
SIADH
Patho
Cause/Factors
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
SIADH
Signs and Symptoms
NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*
MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY
THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD*
PROMETRIC* UK-CBT
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
SIADH
Diagnostics
- Urine Specific
Gravity:
- Urine
osmolality:
- Serum Sodium:
- Serum
osmolality:
- Sodium:
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
SIADH
Nursing Management
FINDINGS
DI
SIADH
Low ADH
NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*
MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY
THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD*
PROMETRIC* UK-CBT
Increased body weight
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Increased Serum Osmolality
Decreased urine specific gravity
Low serum sodium
Increased urine output
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND/ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
1. Growth hormones/somatotrophic hormones
● elongation of long bones or growth
● DWARFISM – Low GH in children
● GIGANTISM – High GH in children
● ACROMEGALY – high GH in adults
i. Sandostatine (Oereotide): DOC
Comparing Growths
HORMONE
EFFECT ON TARGET
STIMULUS FOR RELEASE
LH:
Luteinizing hormone
Men: testicular
Women: ovulation (release
of the egg)
GnRH
PRL:
Prolactin
Stimulates production of
milk in the breast
Stress
NURSING*RADTECH*DENTISTRY*CRIMINOLOGY*
MIDWIFERY*MEDTECH LET*PSYCHOMET*RESPIRATORY
THERAPY*CIVIL SERVICE*NAPOLCOM NCLEX*DHA*HAAD*
PROMETRIC* UK-CBT
FSH:
Follicle-stimulating
hormone
Men: sperm production
Women: ovarian follicles for
eggs
GnRH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
TSH:
Thyroid- stimulating
Hormone
Stimulates thyroid to
release T3 & T4
Thyroid needs
● Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) – for skin pigmentation
● THELARCHE – breast enlargement
● ADRENARCHE - Axillary and pubic hair growth during puberty induced by hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex.
● MENARCHE – first menstruation
● Males – enlargement of repro organs � deepening of voice
● LEYDIG cells � production of sperms
● CRYPTORCHIDISM – undescended testes
● SPERMATOGENESIS requires at least a temperature which is a degree lower from the body temp.
PINEAL GLAND
● secretes Melatonin which inhibits LH secretion and regulates circadian rhythm/body clock
THYROID GLAND
● NON-PALPABLE during swallowing!!! Thyroid cartilages ang palpable
● Nodular in consistency
Metabolic/ Calorigenic Hormones:
THYROCALCITONIN -
● Antagonizes effect of parathormone � restrict Ca breakdown � restricts Ca absorption
THYROID DISORDERS
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