NAADAC TESTING MODULE 1 2023 LATEST UPDATE

Uppers CNS Stimulants: cocaine, amphetamines & meth, caffeine, nicotine Downers CNS Depressants: alcohol, benzos, barbituates, opiates, sedative- hypnotics, muscle relaxants, antihistamines All-Arounders ...

Uppers CNS Stimulants: cocaine, amphetamines & meth, caffeine, nicotine Downers CNS Depressants: alcohol, benzos, barbituates, opiates, sedative- hypnotics, muscle relaxants, antihistamines All-Arounders psychedelics (LSD, mushrooms, MDMA/Ecstacy, PCP, DXM) and Cannabis Acute intox Sx of uppers Increased: heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, alertness, activity, anxiety, aggression, confidence, constriction of blood vessels, body temperature, dilated pupils, runny nose, dry mouth, muscle twitching, sexual stimulation Decreased: appetite for both food and water Acute intox sx of depressants (general) Decreased: heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, digestion, basic psychological functions such as motor coordination and mental awareness, restricted pupils Specifics of alcohol effects every organ in the body, impacts GABA, dopamine, glutimate and serotonin; electrolite imbalances can lead to life threating seizures Habituation repitition of behaivors until they are established into daily life Acute Alcohol withdrawal Sx High Risk: tremors, slurred speech, nausea and/or vomiting, flushed face, dehydration, sweating, rapid heart rate, insomnia, poor coordination, poor memory, halluninations, grand mal seizures, delirium tremens (DT's) Barbituates & Benzodiazapines work on GABA, "standard" depressant effects, withdrawal sx can be toxic and present almost identical to alcohol Tolerance Increased need for markedly more of the same substance in order to acheive the deisred effect (decreased need without a change in the substance is reverse tolerance) Can occur in as little as 3-4 weeks of use Dependence aka Addiction: behavioral pattern of complusive substance use; consistent involvement with the use of substances, high tendency to relapse after withdrawal Detoxification Process of eliminating all psychoactive substances from the body Methods of administration oral- mouth via swallowing or smoking; Nasally- snorting or inhaling; IM- injection into a muscle; IV- Injecting into a vein; Subcutanious- injecting beneith the skin; Topical- applyed on top of the skin; Sublingually- dissolving under the touge; rectally- inserted into the anus; Vagionally- inserted into the vagional opening Physiological dependence continued use of the substance is needed in order to prevent withdrawal symtoms Psychological dependence percetion that the effects produced by a substance, or the associated condtions of use, are needed to maintain optimal well- being. Cross- Tolerance the ability of pharmacologically similar substances to substiture for the other in relation to tolerance and to prevent withdrawal Abuse Liability risk potential associated with a substance becoming repeatedly used and/or dependence inducing designer psychoactive substances Substances specifically invented with a different molecular formula to evade law inforcement Half- Life The amount of time it takes to eliminate 1/2 of the original dosage from the body Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain & spine Limbic system Within the CNS, Controls Emotions Reticular Activating System Within the CNS, responsible for the state of arousal Basal Ganglia Within the CNS: responsible for involuntary and fine motor skills Cerebral Cortex within the CNS: part of the limbic system that controls voluntary motor skills and sensory input Hypothalamus Part of the limbic system: liaison between CNS & ANS Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) montiors unconscious bodily functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digenstion Sympathetic Nervous System secondary within the ANS- when activated increases breathing, heart rate, etc. Parasymphathetic Nervous System Secondary within the ANS- when activated decreases breathing, heart rate, etc. Neurotransmitters most affected by AOD acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, endogenous opioids Inhibitory Neurotransmitters Dopamine, serotonin, GABA