Airway obstruction – first priority
Phlebitis – inflammation of the vein
• Redness
• Swelling
• Ecchymosis - a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising
Infiltrat
...
Airway obstruction – first priority
Phlebitis – inflammation of the vein
• Redness
• Swelling
• Ecchymosis - a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising
Infiltration:
• IV catheter comes out of the vein and fluid goes into the tissues – no infection
• Cool to touch
ACID-BASE IMBALANCE – Who is at risk for metabolic acidosis?
• A patient who has diarrhea
Effective organ for Acid-Base Imbalances Kidneys
• Respiratory system
Fully Compensated pH is normal
Partially Compensated pH is NOT normal
- Tic Tac Toe method: PCO2 & HCO3 must be in different columns
Cellulitis – inflammation of the cells
• Can go into the bloodstream
Promote wound healing protein
• Albumin
o If albumin is low (around 2.5) Patient needs more protein
o Normal Albumin value = 3.5-5.0
Elderly patients have a risk of pressure ulcers
• Slowing of the blood supply
NEED TO KNOW ABG LEVELS TIC TAC TOE THEORY
pH 7.35-7.45
RESPIRATORY PCO2 45-35
Anything below 35 is alkaline
Anything above 45 is acidic
METABOLIC HCO3 22-26
Any patient who has diarrhea is in METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Any patient who is vomiting is in METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
Chemotherapy Patients
• Any patient on chemotherapy are immunosuppressed
• WBC low
Cancer of the larynx – what’s your priority?
Warning Signs of cancer
• Non-healing sore
Chronic Skin Conditions can lead to Skin Cancers
Tinea Pedis – athlete’s foot
• Scaling and peeling of the toes
• Keep toes dry
Hypertrophy enlarged muscles
Muscular dystrophy
Patient on oral antibiotics develops a rash, difficulty breathing – anaphylaxis
Electrolytes – vomit, diarrhea
STANDARD HOSPITAL PRECAUTIONS FOR ALL PATIENTS
Hand hygiene – Purell is OK to use after being in a patient’s room and only touching side table, bed, light switch etc., then use gel for 20-30 seconds
Calcium is also important for the heart, but also bones and muscles
Potassium – whether it is high or low (abnormal) – put them on a cardiac monitor
POTASSIUM IS REGULATING YOUR HEART
Pathophysiology -= Structural changes resulting from disease
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