Ascites - accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
Venous distention - -occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
Capillary refill - -indication of peripheral c
...
Ascites - accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
Venous distention - -occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
Capillary refill - -indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
Jaundice skin color - -increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) - -decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth and irregular rhythm
Hyperpnea - -increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
Cheyne-Stokes - -gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
Biots - -increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
Kussmaul's - -increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
-Raspy voice
Apneustic - prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
cachectic - muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
retractions - -chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
Character of cough - -dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs or asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
evidence of difficult airway - -short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
pulsus paradoxus - -pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
tactile fremitus - -vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
Crepitus - -bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates subcutaneous emphysema
Resonant percussion - -hollow sound
-normal lungs
Flat percussion - -heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion - -heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion - -heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Hyperresonant - -found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
-booming sound
vesicular breath sounds - normal sounds in lungs
bronchial breath sounds - -normal sounds over airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
Egophony - -patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
-lung consolidation
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy - -increased intensity or transmission of the spoken voice and indicate CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
[Show More]
