Final SAS study guide Questions with Complete solution

Final SAS study guide Questions with Complete solution Why did science need in the 19th century need visual documentation (photographs)? -Answer- Science needed more accurate ways to document experiments and record na ...

Final SAS study guide Questions with Complete solution Why did science need in the 19th century need visual documentation (photographs)? -Answer- Science needed more accurate ways to document experiments and record natural phenomena Why did governments need visual documentation? -Answer- Governments needed photographs that showed the destruction and buildings of bridges Why did engineers need visual documentation? -Answer- Erection of railroads, the construction of monuments what is the role of photography in moving a hypothesis to a theory -Answer- Photographs are used as experimental evidence to make observation/preform experiments and decide if the evidence supports a hypothesis How was photography seen as an efficient way of experimental evidence? -Answer- Photography was perceived as efficient and objective lifting the responsibilities of the observer of measuring, tabulating and describing; all of which are prone to human error. By exploiting exposures or emulsions sensitive to radiation outside the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, photography could be used for later analysis of phenomena beyond the ability of the ordinary human vision to resolve. How are photographs not a reliable source of experimental evidence? -Answer- non-standardization of emulsions-differ in light sensitivity, tonal range, and clarity of detail, subject to weather different photographs use different emulsions issues of interpretation What was the first photographically illustrated book, who was the author and what was the scientific motivation? -Answer- In Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Charles Darwin sought to study and understand the existence of universal qualities of fleeting emotion expressed on a person's face What were the key components of the Western Surveys -Answer- the photographs from William Henry Jackson, Timothy O'Sullivan and Carleton Watkins What was the purpose of the western surveys? -Answer- To acquire information on landforms (mapping), geology, climate (for agriculture); possible railroad routes and indigenous people "Third Views" -Answer- A Reprographic Survey of the American West by Mark Klett What is Rephotography? -Answer- Repeated photography from the same site What is the scientific motivation for photographic studies of lightning? -Answer- Provides information on the current, voltage and structure of lightning. What questions are posed from the photographic study of lightning? -Answer- What distinguished intra-cloud versus cloud to-ground lightning? Why do some lightning strikes start fires while others do not? What determines the path of a lightning strike? What was the importance of early lightning photography? -Answer- Showed aspects of lightning not visible to the naked eye including multiple discharges posing questions of whether the discharges follow the same path how does a streaking camera show features of lightning? -Answer- A streaking camera shows the luminous features of a lightning flash. It can recored the various steps in the lightning process on one piece of film. how does a streaking camera work? -Answer- The camera works by rapidly moving a length of film behind the camera lens with high-speed motors, allowing each step of a lightning flash to be recorded side-by-side on the same photograph what is the goal of photographing snowflakes? -Answer- To determine the shape, size and distribution of snowflakes to improve model prediction of snowfall amounts (helpful in predicting water shortage in Sierra Nevada) who invented the first X-ray photo and win the first Nobel Prize for Physics? -Answer- William Konrad Roentgen How are x-rays important? -Answer- Allow to look inside the human body without surgery. Used in medicine, engineering and others. How is photography helpful in physics? -Answer- They can provide visual representation of often mathematical concepts of physics making them easier to understand and more visual to the public Berenice Abbott-informative photographs of the laws of physics what is the center of mass in physics? -Answer- A point in space where all of the mass is concentrated; does not coincide with the geometric shape what is the basic principle behind noise cancelling headphones? -Answer- wave inference (adding two wave lengths to approximate zero)