BIOD 151 Module1with answers all 100% correct

There are six levels of organization in the body - what are they? - ANSWER 1) chemical 2) cellular 3) tissue 4) organ structure 5) organ system 6) organism The necessary life function that protects our internal e ...

There are six levels of organization in the body - what are they? - ANSWER 1) chemical 2) cellular 3) tissue 4) organ structure 5) organ system 6) organism The necessary life function that protects our internal environment from our external environment is provided by what system? - ANSWER The integumentary system The function of movement is provided by what system? - ANSWER The muscular system The function of responsiveness is provided by what system? - ANSWER The nervous system The function of digestion is provided by what system? - ANSWER The digestive system What is anabolism? - ANSWER When more complex structures are synthesized from simpler ones. What is catabolism? - ANSWER When more complex structures are broken down into simpler ones. Excretion involves what systems? - ANSWER The respiratory system, the digestive system, and the urinary system. The reproductive system is controlled by what other system? - ANSWER The endocrine system. Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body? - ANSWER The epithelial tissue. Name the three steps in cellular respiration. - ANSWER 1) glycolysis 2) citric acid cycle 3) electron transport chain What is the purpose of ATP? - ANSWER ATP provides cells with the energy necessary to carry out cellular activities and functions. Epithelial cells perform what types of functions? - ANSWER Secretion and absorption What are the four basic tissue types? - ANSWER 1) epithelial 2) muscle 3) connective 4) nervous Toward or at the body surface is known as what direction? - ANSWER Superficial Away from the body surface is what direction? - ANSWER Deep Between a more medial and a more lateral structure is what direction? - ANSWER Intermediate Toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side of is what direction? - ANSWER Medial Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body is what direction? - ANSWER Inferior Toward the head end or upper part of a structure (above) is what direction? - ANSWER Superior Toward or at the front of the body is what direction? - ANSWER Anterior/Ventral Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis? - ANSWER Distal Is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand? - ANSWER Proximal Toward or at the back of the body is what direction? - ANSWER Posterior/Dorsal Closing of a joint is which action? - ANSWER Flexion Opening of a joint is which action? - ANSWER Extension In anatomical position are the hands in pronation or supination? - ANSWER Supination Why are the hands palm forward in anatomical position? - ANSWER In supination the forearm bones (the radius and ulna) are uncrossed. Define elevation - ANSWER upward movement of a structure Define depression in anatomy - ANSWER downward movement of a structure Define retraction - ANSWER the movement of a structure in the posterior direction Define protraction - ANSWER the movement of a structure in the anterior direction A person standing in anatomical position moves their right wrist laterally toward the radius - what is this action called? - ANSWER Radial deviation This body division includes the head, neck, and trunk. - ANSWER axial division This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts. - ANSWER sagittal plane These planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts. - ANSWER frontal planes A transverse plane divides the body into these two parts. - ANSWER superior and inferior These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes. - ANSWER oblique This body cavity protects the nervous system. - ANSWER dorsal body cavity This body cavity encases the brain. - ANSWER cranial This cavity encloses the spinal cord. - ANSWER spinal The frontal plane is also known as what plane? - ANSWER coronal The ventral body cavity is divided into these two cavities. - ANSWER thoracic and abdominopelvic This cavity encloses the heart. - ANSWER pericardial The outer surfaces of the organs and body cavities are covered by this double layered membrane called what? - ANSWER serosa What is pleurisy? - ANSWER inflammation of the pleurae, which impairs their lubricating function and causes pain when breathing. It is caused by pneumonia and other diseases of the chest or abdomen. The abdominopelvic region is divided into what four quadrants? - ANSWER right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower This region surrounds the naval. - ANSWER umbilical region This region houses the pelvis. - ANSWER illiac region This cavity houses the teeth and tongue. - ANSWER oral cavity This cavity houses the eyes. - ANSWER orbital cavity Joints are lined with what? - ANSWER synovial fluid This cavity contains the tiny ear bones, name them. - ANSWER middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes Why do active metabolizing cells need to be relatively small? - ANSWER Active metabolizing cells need to be relatively small so that the metabolic processes can occur at a faster rate. As a cell gets bigger the ratio of surface area to volume decreases. The larger the surface area of a cell is relative to its volume, the faster metabolic processes can occur. What are three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - ANSWER 1) Prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane whereas eukaryotic cells do 2) prokaryotic cells are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells 3) prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles that are found in eukaryotic cells. What is the function of the nucleus? - ANSWER The nucleus stores DNA and is the control center of the cell. What is the function of ribosomes? - ANSWER Ribosomes synthesize proteins. What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? - ANSWER synthesizes lipids What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? - ANSWER The rough ER takes the proteins from the ribosomes on its surface and modifies and transports them. What is the function of RNA? - ANSWER RNA transports the coded amino acid sequence to the ribo