• In every human endeavor, rationality
and morality are always in question.
However morality cannot be enforced to
an individual nor can it be objective
because it is something that is within the
humanness of man.
...
• In every human endeavor, rationality
and morality are always in question.
However morality cannot be enforced to
an individual nor can it be objective
because it is something that is within the
humanness of man.
Module 5 - Measures of Variation
❖ Range/quartile deviation/interquartile range
❖ Mean Absolute Deviation
❖ Standard Deviation
❖ Variance/position/Z-score
❖ Coefficient of Variance, Skewness and Kurtosis
EMATH 4–ENGINEERING DATA ANALYSIS
Prepared by: Engr. R.P. Roselo
Instructor
MEASURE OF VARIABILITY/DISPERSION/SPREAD
• is a method of measuring the degree by which numerical data or values tend to spread
from or cluster about central point of average.
RANGE
• Is the simplest of the measures of spread or variability;
• It is the difference between the highest and the lowest items in a distribution;
• In a Frequency distribution table, the range is the difference between the upper limit of
the highest class interval and the lower limit of the lowest class interval.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RANGE
• The range is the easiest to compute because it is based only upon the
highest and lowest values of the items in the distribution. However, its
reliability is limited because it reflects only two values in the distribution
and ignores all other values between the two. A change in a single item,
either the lowest or the highest, can change the value of the range to a
great extent.
USES OF THE RANGE
• The range is used to report the movement of stock process over a period of
time and the weather reports typically state the high and low temperature
reading for a 24-hour period.
• Quartiles - quantiles which divides the distribution into four parts.
•Deciles - quantiles which divides the distribution into ten parts.
•Percentiles - quantiles which divid
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