The blueberry bushes in Lawrence’s back yard did not have a good yield this year. He wondered if it was because there hadn’t been much rain. Lawrence decided to water the bushes closest to the house and see if that made
...
The blueberry bushes in Lawrence’s back yard did not have a good yield this year. He wondered if it was because there hadn’t been much rain. Lawrence decided to water the bushes closest to the house and see if that made a difference.
If Lawrence were following the steps of the scientific method, before he formed and tested a hypothesis, he would __________.
• Do some preliminary research
• Attempt to answer the question with a guess
• Evaluate data collected from testing his idea
• Determine if his theory can be disproved
2
"DNA in mammal cells is arranged in distinct configurations within the mitochondrial system."
Choose the most likely source for this quotation.
• A scientist writing in a scientific journal, because it uses language appropriate for its audience
• A scientist writing in non-scientific language to appeal more broadly to the general public
• A politician who wants to influence public opinion and further his own political agenda
• The media, because it is a mixture of data, speculation, and scientific jargon CONCEPT
3
Select the item below that is biotic.
• Algae
• Water
• Air
• Dirt
4
Which of the following is the best example of how a government agency can apply environmental science?
• Regulate air emissions from a coal factory.
• Purchase only free-range, organic chicken.
• Study the decline in honeybee populations around the world.
• Provide mosquito netting for malaria-stricken areas.
5
According to the one-year calendar model based on the Big Bang theory, the solar system formed in __________.
• January
• August
• December
• September
6
The Industrial Revolution was a factor in a global population explosion because as population increased, cities and their infrastructures grew.
Select one statement that is NOT a result of this change.
• Energy was more readily available in cities.
• Improved food production fed more people.
• Clean water became less accessible.
• New forms of transportation led to a new mobility for citizens.
7
Read the statements describing environmental impacts of population growth.
Choose the statement that does NOT trace an accurate progression.
• More energy is needed, which leads to burning of non-renewable natural resources, which leads to their depletion.
• More land is required, which leads to deforestation, which leads to less oxygen in the atmosphere.
• More land is needed, which leads to habitat damage, which leads to loss of ecosystems.
• More energy is needed, which leads to over-reliance on fresh water systems, which leads to water pollution.
8
Select the statement that defines a physical law.
• An abstract thought that changes continuously.
• A universal rule that does not change over time.
• A concept that is tested and widely agreed upon.
• A concept that is tested but can be disproven.
9
Select the true statement about continental drift.
• All of the continents were combined into Pangaea 275 to 225 million years ago.
• Continental drift decreased biodiversity on Earth.
• Tectonic plates are unmoving and permanent.
• Continents are separated because of shifting oceans.
10
Kevin is making a chronological list of the events that occurred to create early life.
1. Inorganic molecules joined to form complex organic molecules
2. Once encased in a membrane, these molecules began to replicate themselves
3. Called prokaryotes, the organisms developed the ability to metabolize
4. One type of metabolism led to the production of oxygen
5. __________.
• Lightning was a factor in altering inorganic molecules into organic organisms.
• Prokaryotes differentiated into separate categories, including bacteria and algae.
• Some prokaryotes formed symbiotic relationships where one protected and one made energy.
• The production of oxygen led to the formation of eukaryotes, which led to multicelluarity.
11
Which of the following is a global sustainability issue that was NOT identified by the Brundtland report in 1987?
• Safe drinking water
• Energy use
• Human population growth
• Natural resource use
12
Plant and animal life faced many challenges when moving from water to land.
Select the FALSE statement about this transition.
• Organisms’ movements changed without water for transport.
• Oxygen levels in the atmosphere were not high enough to sustain life on land.
• The development of an ozone layer protected organisms from solar radiation.
• Organisms on land could dry out unless they found a water source.
13
Select the statement that correctly defines an ecosystem.
• A relationship between humans and nature in which resources can be used indefinitely.
• Services that humanity benefits from, including water purification and soil formation.
• The number and abundance of species living in a certain area.
• Living organisms interacting with nonliving components in a specific area.
14
Choose the sentence that describes Thomas Malthus and his contributions to environmental awareness.
• He was the first chief of the United States Forest System and served from 1905 until 1910.
• He wrote “An Essay on the Principle of Population,” published in 1798, that warned of the dangers of human overpopulation.
• His book Silent Spring, published in 1962, raised public awareness of harmful agricultural practices.
• He wrote the book The Population Bomb, in which he discussed the negative effects of human population growth.
15
Ecosystems provide many benefits to humans, which are termed "ecosystem services." Visiting the Grand Canyon on a school field trip is an example of a (A)BIODIVERSITY service that ecosystems can provide.
16
Match the graph image below with its corresponding type and common use.
•
Line graph, which is used to show a trend in a characteristic relative to changes.
•
Line graph, which is used to show differences in quantifiable characteristics across groups.
•
Scatter plot, which is used to show the relationship between two characteristics.
•
Scatter plot, which is used to show the location of various phenomena.
CONCEPT
Graphic Literacy
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17
Choose the statement that is most likely made by an environmentalist rather than by an environmental scientist.
•
"On average, 52 animal species move one step closer to extinction each year because of overpopulation and habitat destruction.”
•
“Citizens must take matters into their own hands and start having fewer children to reduce the world’s population, starting now.”
•
“When the number of existing humans exceeds the carrying capacity of the planet, we have reached the state of overpopulation.”
•
“Human population growth is a current environmental issue, as is climate change.”
CONCEPT
18
Select the true statement about human population growth.
•
Plague and famine caused a decrease in population between 1 AD and 1350.
•
World population doubled in the 40 years between 1959 and 1999.
•
In 2012, there were 7.5 billion people on Earth.
•
Global population has been relatively high throughout history.
CONCEPT
Human Arrival and Expansion
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19
Melissa believes that all living creatures are similar in their desire to avoid pain.
Melissa holds which of the following environmental ethical positions?
•
Biocentric
•
Ethnocentric
•
Ecocentric
•
Anthropocentric
20
Which of the following is an example of environmental ethics?
•
Removing predators to promote an increase in the deer population.
•
Not allowing hunting on your property for moral reasons.
•
A restaurant uses only local produce and meats.
•
A new public library installs solar panels on its roof.
21
Choose the statement below that is NOT true about early Earth's atmosphere.
•
Conditions were favorable for forming chemical bonds.
•
Both ammonia and methane were present.
•
There was no free oxygen.
•
The ozone layer was quite thick.
22
Select the misleading graph from those below.
23
Which of the following describes an effect of an environmental issue experienced at the local level?
•
Everyone left work for the day after mold was discovered growing on a ceiling tile.
•
Highway noise and pollution have increased dramatically ever since this section of interstate was built.
•
Warming temperatures and rising sea levels are affecting many island populations.
•
An entire species of deer has become extinct because of overhunting.
24
The mass extinction that led to the loss of 96% of marine life and 70% of terrestrial life was most likely due to a super nova, an asteroid impact, or __________.
•
glacial melt
•
massive floods
•
severe storms
•
volcanic eruption
25
Which statement about projected human population growth below is incorrect?
•
Continuing to slow the growth at current rates will result in a population of 8.9 billion by mid-century.
•
Innovation and technology have little influence on projected population growth.
•
The population in 2050 will reach 10 billion if growth continues to increase.
•
If population growth dramatically slows, the Earth's population will be 7.4 billion by 2050.
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