Two isotopes of iodine are 125
53 I and 131
53 I.
Determine, for these two isotopes, the difference between the constituents of the
nuclei.
[1 mark]
0 1 . 2 A 131
53 I nuclide undergoes beta (β–
) decay to form a
...
Two isotopes of iodine are 125
53 I and 131
53 I.
Determine, for these two isotopes, the difference between the constituents of the
nuclei.
[1 mark]
0 1 . 2 A 131
53 I nuclide undergoes beta (β–
) decay to form a xenon nuclide.
State the nucleon number of the xenon nuclide.
[1 mark]
0 1 . 3 A 125
53 I nuclide decays by electron capture to form a tellurium nuclide.
State two differences between the constituents of the iodine nucleus and the tellurium
nucleus it decays into.
[2 marks]
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box 0 1 . 4 Internal conversion is a process in which a nucleus in an excited state can release its
excess energy. In internal conversion all of the excess energy is transferred from the
nucleus to an orbital electron through the electromagnetic force. This orbital electron
is ejected from the atom.
The tellurium nucleus formed in question 01.3 is in an excited state and can undergo
internal conversion.
Discuss three differences between internal conversion and beta (β–
) decay.
[3 marks]
1
2
3
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0 2 box Some cars are fitted with a water sensor designed to switch on windscreen wipers
automatically when it rains. Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of the sensor.
Figure 1
A light ray travels from the light-emitting diode (LED) through the first prism and into
the windscreen. The ray reflects off the surfaces of the windscreen at A, B and C and
then passes through the second prism into the detector.
0 2 . 1 Suggest how the design ensures that there is no deviation of the ray as it enters the
first prism.
[1 mark]
0 2 . 2 Suggest two features of the design that ensure that there is no deviation of the ray as
it leaves the first prism and enters the windscreen glass.
[2
