Module 2 Exam: HESI Completed Aced

Module 2 Exam: HESI Completed Aced 7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 1/106 Question 1 1 / 1 pts A nurse ...

Module 2 Exam: HESI Completed Aced 7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 1/106 Question 1 1 / 1 pts A nurse assisting with data collection of a client gathers both subjective and objective data. Which finding would the nurse document as subjective data? The client appears anxious. Blood pressure is 170/80 mm Hg. Correct! Correct! The client states that he has a rash. The client has diminished reflexes in the legs. Rationale: The purpose of a physical assessment is to collect both subjective and objective data. Subjective data, collected during the health history, consist of information that the client gives about himself or herself. Objective data are obtained through physical examination and vital signs measurements, what the nurse observes, and laboratory study and diagnostic test results. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the comparable or alike options that include data that the nurse would obtain during the physical examination. Review the difference between subjective and objective data if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 2 1 / 1 pts A nurse is reviewing the findings of a physical examination that have been documented in a client’s record. Which piece of7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 2/106 information does the nurse recognize as objective data? The client is allergic to strawberries. The last menstrual period was 30 days ago. The client takes acetaminophen (Tylenol) for headaches. A 1 × 2-inch scar is present on the lower right portion of the abdomen. Correct! Correct! Rationale: Subjective data, collected during the health history, consist of information that the client gives about himself or herself. Objective data are obtained through physical examination and vital signs measurements, what the nurse observes, and laboratory study and diagnostic test results. Allergies, the date of the client’s last menstrual period, and the reported use of medication for headaches are all subjective data. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the comparable or alike options that include data that the nurse would obtain from the client during the health history. Review the difference between subjective and objective data if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Understanding Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 3 1 / 1 pts A nurse is reading the report from the registered nurse for an initial home visit to a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The client was recently discharged from the hospital. Which type of database does the nurse read that contains this information from the client?7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 3/106 Episodic Follow-up Emergency Correct! Correct! Complete Rationale: A complete database includes a complete health history and a full physical examination. It describes the client’s current and past state of health and forms a baseline against which all future changes can be measured. The complete database is collected in a primary care setting, such as a pediatric or family practice clinic; an independent or group private practice; a college health service; a women’s health care agency; a visiting nurse agency; or a community health agency. An episodic database is compiled for a limited or short-term problem and is focused mainly on one problem or one body system. A follow-up database is used to evaluate an identified problem at regular and appropriate intervals. An emergency database involves the rapid collection of the data that are often compiled as lifesaving measures are being performed. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Noting the strategic words “initial home visit” in the question will direct you to the correct option. Review the different types of databases if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 4 1 / 1 pts A 25-year-old client was seen in the clinic 2 weeks ago for symptoms of a cold and is now complaining of chest congestion7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 4/106 and cough. The nurse should assist with the data collection by collecting which information? Data related to follow-up care A complete (total health) database Correct! Correct! Data related to the respiratory system Data related to the treatment for the cold Rationale: An episodic database is compiled for a limited or short-term problem and is focused mainly on one problem or body system. The history and examination will be focused primarily on the respiratory system in this client. A complete database includes a complete health history and a full physical examination. It describes the client's current and past state of health and forms a baseline against which all future changes can be measured. A follow-up database is used to evaluate an identified problem at regular and appropriate intervals. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Focusing on the data in the question and noting the words “now complaining of chest congestion and cough” will direct you to the correct option. Review the different types of databases if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 5 1 / 1 pts A client is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. The client is alert and cooperative but has sustained multiple fractures of the legs. How should the nurse proceed with data collection?7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 5/106 Collect health history information first, then perform the physical examination. Ask health history questions while performing the examination and initiating emergency measures. Correct! Correct! Collect all information requested on the history form, including social support, strengths, and coping patterns. Perform emergency measures and not ask any health history questions until the client’s fractures have been treated in the operating room. Rationale: If the client is alert and cooperative and if the situation is not life-threatening, the nurse should attempt to obtain as much subjective and objective data as possible while caring for the client. Collecting health history information and then performing the physical examination does not address the priority, which is treating the client. Collecting all data requested on the history does not specifically address the client's immediate problems. Performing emergency measures and not asking any health history questions does not address data collection before treatment. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Focus on the data in the question and note the strategic words “alert and cooperative.” Noting that the client has not sustained life-threatening injuries will direct you to the correct option. Review the different types of databases if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 6/106 Question 6 1 / 1 pts A client who was given a diagnosis of hypertension 3 months ago is at the clinic for a checkup. Which type of database does the nurse use in performing an assessment? Emergency Correct! Correct! Follow-up Complete (total) Problem-centered Rationale: A follow-up database is compiled to evaluate the status of an identified problem at regular and appropriate intervals. An emergency database calls for rapid collection of the data, often at the same time lifesaving measures are being performed. A complete database includes a complete health history and a full physical examination. It describes the client's current and past state of health and forms a baseline against which all future changes can be measured. An episodic database (problem-centered) is compiled for a limited or short-term problem. It is focused mainly on one problem or body system. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the data in the question. Noting the strategic words “at the clinic for a checkup” in the question will direct you to the correct option. Review the different types of databases if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 7 1 / 1 pts7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 7/106 A Mexican American client with epilepsy is being seen at the clinic for an initial examination. The nurse understands which primary purpose of including cultural information in the health assessment? Confirm the medical diagnosis. Make accurate nursing diagnoses. Identify any hereditary traits related to the epilepsy. Correct! Correct! Determine what the client believes has caused the epilepsy. Rationale: The primary purpose for including cultural information in the health assessment is to determine what the client believes has caused the illness. In Mexican American culture, epilepsy is seen as a reflection of physical imbalance. Although the nurse may obtain data related to family history (hereditary) and formulate nursing diagnoses, these are not the primary reasons for including cultural information in the health assessment. A nurse gathers assessment data but does not confirm a medical diagnosis. Test-Taking Strategy: Use knowledge of the subject, Mexican American cultural beliefs, to begin the process of elimination. Eliminate the option that indicates to confirm a medical diagnosis because this is not the role of the nurse. To select from the remaining options, recall that cultural beliefs exist in relation to the cause of a disease; this will direct you to the correct option. Review the nurse’s role in data collection and cultural considerations if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Cultural Diversity7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 8/106 Question 8 1 / 1 pts A nurse assisting with data collection uses the back of the hand to feel the client’s skin on both arms and notes that the skin is warm. The nurse makes which determination? The client has a fever. Correct! Correct! The skin temperature is normal. The client needs to drink additional fluids. The client needs to have the blanket removed. Rationale: To assess skin temperature, the nurse would first note the temperature of his or her own hands, then use the backs (dorsa) of the hands to palpate the client’s skin bilaterally. The skin should be warm, and the temperature should be equal bilaterally; warmth suggests normal circulatory status. The hands and feet may feel slightly cooler in a cool environment. Giving the client additional fluids, removing the blanket, and checking for a fever are all incorrect responses to this finding. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the data in the question. Note the strategic word “warm.” Recalling that warmth suggests normal circulatory status will direct you to the correct option. Review normal skin temperature if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Analyzing Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Adult Health/Integumentary Question 9 1 / 1 pts7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 9/106 A nurse assisting with data collection notes that the client’s skin is very dry. The nurse documents this finding using which term? Correct! Correct! Xerosis Pruritus Seborrhea Actinic keratoses Rationale: Dry skin is also called xerosis. In this condition, the epidermis lacks moisture or sebum and is often marked by a pattern of fine lines, scaling, and itching. Causes include too-frequent bathing, low humidity, and decreased production of sebum in aging skin. Pruritus is the symptom of itching, an uncomfortable sensation that prompts the urge to scratch the skin. Seborrhea is one of several common skin conditions in which an overproduction of sebum results in excessive oiliness or dry scales. Actinic keratoses are red-tan scaly plaques that grow over the years, becoming raised and roughened. A silvery-white scale may adhere to the plaque. They occur on sun-exposed surfaces and are directly related to sun exposure. Actinic keratoses are premalignant and may develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Test-Taking Strategy: Knowledge of the subject, the characteristics of various skin conditions and lesions, is needed to answer this question. This knowledge and noting the words “very dry” in the question will direct you to the correct option. Review the skin conditions identified in the options if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Adult Health/Integumentary7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 10/106 Question 10 1 / 1 pts A nurse is preparing to assist the health care provider examine a client’s skin with the use of a Wood light. In preparing for this diagnostic test, the nurse should perform which action? Correct! Correct! Darken the room Obtain informed consent from the client Obtain a scalpel and a slide for diagnostic evaluation Obtain medication to anesthetize the skin area before proceeding with the examination Rationale: A handheld long-wavelength ultraviolet (black) light, or Wood light, is sometimes used during physical examination of the skin. Areas of blue-green or red fluorescence are associated with certain skin conditions. Hypopigmented skin appears more prominent when it is viewed under black light, greatly facilitating the evaluation of pigment changes in fair-skinned clients. Examination of the skin is always carried out in a darkened room. The test is noninvasive, and the nurse should reassure the client that no discomfort is associated with a Wood light examination. Test-Taking Strategy: Use data in the question to focus on the name of the test. Recalling that this test is noninvasive will assist you in eliminating the incorrect options. Review the procedure for performing a Wood light test if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Planning Content Area: Adult Health/Integumentary7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 11/106 Question 11 1 / 1 pts A nurse assisting with data collection for a client with kidney failure notes that the client has the appearance of generalized edema over the entire body. The nurse documents this finding using which terminology? Correct! Correct! Anasarca Ecchymosis Unilateral edema Increased vascularity of the skin tissue Rationale: Bilateral edema, or edema that is generalized over the entire body, is known as anasarca. This finding is indicative of a central problem such as congestive heart failure or kidney failure. It does not indicate increased vascularity of skin tissue. Ecchymosis is a large patch of capillary bleeding into the tissues (bruise). Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Focusing on the data in the question, noting the strategic words “appearance of generalized edema” in the question and visualizing the appearance of each condition in the options will help you answer correctly. Review the terms related to edema if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Adult Health/Renal Question 12 1 / 1 pts A nurse reviewing the medical record of a client with the diagnosis of heart failure notes documentation indicating that the7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 12/106 client has deep pitting edema, that the indentation remains for a short time, and that the leg looks swollen. How does the nurse document this finding? 1+ edema 2+ edema Correct! Correct! 3+ edema 4+ edema Rationale: Edema, the accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces, is not normally present. To check for edema, the nurse presses his or her thumbs firmly against the ankle malleolus or the tibia. Normally the skin surface stays smooth. If the pressure leaves a dent in the skin, “pitting” edema is present. Its presence is graded on the following 4-point scale: 1+ denotes mild pitting and slight indentation but no perceptible swelling of the leg, 2+ indicates moderate pitting in which the indentation subsides rapidly, 3+ indicates deep pitting in which the indentation remains for a short time and the leg looks swollen, and 4+ denotes very deep pitting in which the indentation lasts a long time and the leg is very swollen. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the data in the question. Noting the words “indentation remains for a short time” in the question will help direct you to the correct option. Review the grading scale for edema if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Adult Health/Cardiovascular Question 13 1 / 1 pts7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 13/106 A client complains that her skin is redder than normal. The nurse notes the client’s skin, documents hyperemia, and explains to the client that this condition is caused by which factor? Contraction of the underlying blood vessels A reduced amount of bilirubin in the blood Diminished perfusion of the surrounding tissues Correct! Correct! Excess blood in the dilated superficial capillaries Rationale: Hyperemia is an excess of blood in a part of the body. The skin over a hyperemic area usually becomes reddened or warm. The condition is caused by increased blood flow, local relaxation of arterioles, or obstruction of the outflow of blood from an area. A reduced amount of bilirubin in the blood, diminished perfusion of the surrounding tissues, and contraction of the underlying blood vessels are all incorrect explanations for hyperemia. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Note the relationship between the strategic words “skin is redder” in the question and “excess blood” in the correct option. Review the description and cause of hyperemia if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation Content Area: Adult Health/Integumentary Question 14 0.5 / 1 pts A clinic nurse about to meet a new client plans to gather subjective data regarding the client’s health history. Which action does the nurse take to help ensure the success of the interview? Select all that apply.7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 14/106 Correct! Correct! Ensuring that the room is private Correct Answer Correct Answer Seeing that distracting objects are removed from the room Having the client sit across a desk or table to give the client some personal space Maintaining a distance of 2 feet or closer between the nurse and client Switching on a dim light that will make the room cozier and help the client relax Question 15 1 / 1 pts A nurse conducting an interview with a client collects subjective data. During the interview, the nurse takes which action? Takes minimal notes to avoid impeding observation of the client’s nonverbal behaviors Correct! Correct! Takes a great deal of notes to allow the client to continue at his or her own pace as the nurse records what he or she is saying Takes notes because this allows the nurse to break eye contact with the client, which may increase the client’s level of comfort Takes notes to allow the nurse to shift attention away from the client, which may make the nurse more comfortable7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 15/106 Rationale: During an interview, the nurse keeps notetaking to a minimum and tries to focus his or her attention on the client. Any note-taking should be secondary to the dialogue and should not interfere with the client’s dialogue. Note-taking during an interview breaks eye contact too often; shifts the nurse’s attention away from the client, diminishing his or her sense of importance; interrupts the client’s narrative flow; impedes the nurse’s observation of the client’s nonverbal behaviors; and may be threatening to the client during the discussion of sensitive issues. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Noting the strategic word “minimal” will direct you to the correct option. Review the nurse’s role with regard to notetaking during an interview if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 16 1 / 1 pts A nurse is preparing to screen a client’s vision with the use of a Snellen chart. The nurse uses which technique? Tests the right eye, then tests the left eye, and finally tests both eyes together Correct! Correct! Assesses both eyes together, then assesses the right and left eyes separately Asks the client to stand 40 feet from the chart and read the largest line on the chart7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 16/106 Asks the client to stand 40 feet from the chart and read the line that can be read 200 feet away by someone with unimpaired vision Rationale: To test visual acuity with the use of a Snellen chart, the nurse places the chart in a well-lit spot with the chart at the client’s eye level. The client is positioned on a mark exactly 20 feet from the chart. The client uses an opaque card to shield one eye at a time during the test; after each eye is tested, both eyes are assessed together. The client is asked to read through the chart to the smallest line of letters he or she can discern. The client is encouraged to read the next smallest line as well. Therefore the other options are incorrect. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, a vision screening test. Visualizing each of the descriptions in the options will direct you to the correct one. Review the procedure for using the Snellen eye chart if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 17 1 / 1 pts A nurse reviewing a client’s record notes that the result of the client’s latest Snellen chart vision test was 20/80. The nurse interprets the client’s results in which way? The client is legally blind. The client has normal vision.7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 17/106 The client can read at a distance of 20 feet what a client with normal vision can read at 80 feet. Correct! Correct! The client can read at a distance of 80 feet what a client with normal vision can read at 20 feet. Rationale: When recording the results of visual acuity testing with the use of the Snellen chart, the nurse would use the numeric fraction noted at the end of the last line on the chart read successfully by the client. The top number (numerator) indicates the distance the client is standing from the chart; the denominator is the distance at which a normal eye could have read that particular line. Therefore a reading of 20/80 means that the client can read at a distance of 20 feet what a client with normal vision can read at 80 feet.. Legal blindness is defined as the best corrected vision in the better eye of 20/200 or worse. Normal visual acuity is 20/20. Test-Taking Strategy: Use knowledge of the subject, Snellen testing. Recalling that the client stands 20 feet from the Snellen chart when visual acuity is being tested will direct you to the correct option. Review the procedure for interpreting the results from the Snellen visual acuity test if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Analyzing Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Assessment Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 18 1 / 1 pts A nurse is assisting with data collection of the peripheral vision of a client using the confrontation test. To carry out this procedure, the nurse performs which action?7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 18/106 Asks the client to discriminate numbers on a chart composed of colored dots Darkens the room and asks the client to identify colored blocks and shapes that appear in the visual field Has both the client and nurse cover the right eye, stare at each other's uncovered eye, and bring a small object into the visual field, then repeat the test with the left eye Sits at eye level with the client, covers one eye, and has the client cover the eye directly opposite the nurse’s, after which each stares at the other’s uncovered eye, and the nurse brings a small object into the visual field Correct! Correct!7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 19/106 Rationale: The confrontation test is a gross measure of peripheral vision. It compares the client’s peripheral vision with the examiner’s vision under the assumption that the examiner’s vision is normal. The examiner positions himself or herself at eye level with the client, about 2 feet away. The examiner directs the client to cover one eye with an opaque card and look straight at the examiner with the other. The examiner covers his or her own eye opposite the client’s covered one. Next the examiner holds a pencil or flicking finger as a target midline between himself or herself and the client and slowly advances it from the periphery in several directions. The examiner asks the client to say “now” as the target is first seen. This sighting should occur just as the examiner sees the object for the first time. Asking the client to discriminate numbers on a chart composed of colored dots and darkening the room and asking the client to identify colored blocks and shapes that appear in the visual field are both components of testing for color vision. Test-Taking Strategy: Use knowledge of the subject, and recall that the confrontation test assesses peripheral vision. This will assist you in eliminating the options that do not address this concept. To select from the remaining options, visualize each. This will direct you to the correct option. Review the confrontation vision test if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 19 1 / 1 pts A nurse performing an eye examination uses an ophthalmoscope to best visualize which area? Iris Cornea7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 20/106 Correct! Correct! Optic disc Conjunctiva Rationale: The ophthalmoscope enlarges the examiner’s view of the eye so that the media (anterior chamber, lens, vitreous humor) and the ocular fundus (the internal surface of the retina) can be examined. The optic disc is located on the internal surface of the retina. The iris, conjunctiva, and cornea can be examined without the use of an ophthalmoscope. Test-Taking Strategy: Use knowledge of the subject, and think about the anatomic structures of the eye. Recalling that the optic disc is located on the internal surface of the retina will direct you to the correct option. Review the structures that need to be examined with the use of an ophthalmoscope if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 20 1 / 1 pts A nurse notes that a client’s physical examination record states that the client’s eyes moved normally through the six cardinal fields of gaze. The nurse interprets this to mean that which aspect of the eye function is normal? Near vision Central vision Peripheral vision Correct! Correct! Ocular movements7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 21/106 Rationale: Leading the client’s eyes through the six cardinal fields of gaze will elicit any muscle weakness during movement. This test assesses the function of the medial rectus muscle, superior rectus muscle, superior oblique muscle, lateral rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle, and inferior oblique muscle. Near vision is tested with the use of a handheld vision screener that contains various sizes of print. Central vision is measured with the use of a Snellen chart. Peripheral vision is measured with the confrontation test. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Recalling that the six cardinal fields of gaze are used to test for muscle weakness will direct you to the correct option. Also note the relationship of the strategic words “moved” in the question and “movements” in the correct option. Review the six cardinal fields of gaze if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Analyzing Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Adult Health/Eye Question 21 1 / 1 pts A nurse assisting with data collection and notes that the client exhibits rapid, involuntary oscillating movements of the eyeball when looking at the nurse. The nurse documents this finding using which term? Ptosis Correct! Correct! Nystagmus Scleral icterus Exophthalmos7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 22/106 Rationale: Nystagmus is a fine oscillating movement, most notable around the iris. The nurse checks for nystagmus when assessing a client for ocular muscle weakness. Mild nystagmus at extreme lateral gaze is normal; nystagmus at any other position is not. Ptosis is a drooping of the eyelid. Scleral icterus is a yellowing of the sclera, extending up to the cornea, that indicates jaundice. Exophthalmos, a noticeable protrusion of the eyeball, is a characteristic sign of hyperthyroidism. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Recalling that exophthalmos is a protrusion of the eyeball associated with hyperthyroidism will assist you in eliminating this option. To select from the remaining options, focus on the data in the question. Note the words “oscillating movements” in the question and read each option carefully to find the correct one. Review the description of nystagmus if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Adult Health/Eye Question 22 1 / 1 pts A nurse assisting with data collection regarding the client’s eyes notes that the pupils get larger when the client looks at an object in the distance and become smaller when the client looks at a nearby object. How does the nurse document this finding? Myopia Hyperopia Photophobia Correct! Correct! Accommodation7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 23/106 Rationale: Accommodation is adaptation of the eye for near vision. Movement of the ciliary muscles increases the curvature of the lens. To observe accommodation, the examiner notes convergence (motion toward) of the axes of the eyeballs and pupillary constriction. Myopia is nearsightedness. Hyperopia is farsightedness. Photophobia is abnormal sensitivity to light, especially of the eyes. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the data in the question. Note the relationship between the data “pupils get larger” and “become smaller” in the question and the correct option. Review the description of accommodation if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Adult Health/Eye Question 23 0 / 1 pts A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client whose health care provider used an otoscope to examine the client’s ears. Which finding indicates to the nurse that the tympanic membrane is normal?7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 24/106 Correct Answer Correct Answer7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 25/106 Y You Answered ou Answered7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 26/106 Rationale: The tympanic membrane is shiny and translucent, with a pearly gray color. The appearance of a yellow clump of material indicates the presence of a piece of cerumen in the external meatus. An excessive amount of cerumen in the external auditory canal appears dark and covers a large part of the canal and tympanic membrane. A hole in the tympanic membrane indicates perforation of the membrane. Test-Taking Strategy: Knowledge regarding the subject, the appearance of the tympanic membrane, is needed to answer the question. It is necessary to recall that the normal tympanic membrane is pearly gray in color. Review the normal findings on otoscopic examination of the ear if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Analyzing Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 24 0 / 1 pts An adult client tells the clinic nurse that he is susceptible to middle ear infections. About which risk factor related to infection of the ears does the nurse question this client? Y You Answered ou Answered Loud music Use of power tools Occupational noise Correct Answer Correct Answer Exposure to cigarette smoke7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 27/106 Rationale: Otitis media (middle ear infection) is associated with colds, allergies, sore throats, and blockage of the eustachian tubes. Risk factors include youth (otitis media is usually a childhood disease), congenital abnormalities, immune deficiencies, exposure to cigarette smoke, family history of otitis media, recent upper respiratory infections, and allergies. Loud music, the use of power tools, and occupational noise can all cause hearing loss. Hearing loss may occur as a result of an acute loud noise (acoustic trauma) or long-term exposure to loud noise (noiseinduced hearing loss). Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and focus on the word “infection” in the question. Eliminate the comparable or alike options that refer to noise. Review the causes of middle ear infections if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Adult Health/Ear Question 25 1 / 1 pts A nurse is using an otoscope to inspect the ears of an adult client. Which action does the nurse take before inserting the otoscope? Correct! Correct! Pulling the pinna up and back Pulling the pinna down and forward Tipping the client’s head down and toward the examiner Tipping the client’s head down and away from the examiner7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 28/106 Rationale: In an adult client, the nurse pulls the pinna up and back to help straighten the S shape of the ear canal. The client’s head is tilted slightly away from the examiner, toward the client’s opposite shoulder. The nurse holds the pinna gently and firmly until the examination is complete and the otoscope has been removed from the client’s ear. The nurse pulls the pinna down when examining an infant or a child younger than 3 years. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, examining the ear of an adult client with an otoscope. Visualize the descriptions in each of the options to direct you to the correct option. Review the procedure for using an otoscope if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 26 1 / 1 pts A nurse is performing a voice test. To carry out this procedure correctly, the nurse asks the client to repeat words that are provided in which manner? Spoken in a soft tone of voice by the nurse about 5 feet in front of the client Whispered by the nurse from the client’s side at a distance of 1 to 2 feet from the ear being tested Correct! Correct! Spoken by the nurse from the client’s side in a normal tone of voice about 10 feet from the ear being tested Whispered at a distance of 20 feet by the nurse while he or she is standing in front of the client7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 29/106 Rationale: In performing the voice test, the nurse tests one ear at a time while masking hearing in the other ear to prevent transmission around the head. The nurse shields his or her lips so that the client cannot compensate for hearing loss (consciously or unconsciously) by lip-reading or using the “good” ear. The nurse stands 1 to 2 feet from the client's ear, exhales, and slowly whispers some twosyllable words. A client with normal hearing repeats each word correctly. Test-Taking Strategy: Visualize each option. Eliminate the comparable or alike options that indicate that the nurse must stand in front of the client; if the nurse did this, the client would be able to lip-read. To select from the remaining options, note the words “about 10 feet”; this will help you eliminate this option. Review the procedure for the voice test if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 27 1 / 1 pts A nurse is preparing to perform a Rinne test on a client who complains of hearing loss. In which area does the nurse first place an activated tuning fork? On the client’s teeth On the client’s forehead Correct! Correct! On the client’s mastoid bone On the midline of the client's skull7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 30/106 Rationale: In the Rinne test, the base of an activated tuning fork is held first against the mastoid bone, behind the ear, and then in front of the ear canal (0.5 to 2 inches). When the client no longer perceives the sound behind the ear, the fork is moved in front of the ear canal until the client indicates that the sound can no longer be heard. The client reports whether the sound from the tuning fork is louder behind the ear (on the mastoid bone) or in front of the ear canal. In the Weber test, an activated tuning fork is placed on the midline of the skull, the forehead, or the teeth. Test-Taking Strategy: Knowledge of the subject, the Rinne test, is needed to answer this question. Visualizing the procedure for performing this test will direct you to the correct option. Review the Rinne test if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 28 1 / 1 pts A client complains that he feels as though his ear is blocked and tells the nurse that he has a history of cerumen impaction in the external ear. The nurse, inspecting the ears for cerumen impaction, checks for which finding? Redness and swelling of the tympanic membrane An external auditory canal that is longer than normal The presence of edema in the external auditory canal A yellowish or brownish waxy material in the external auditory canal Correct! Correct!7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 31/106 Rationale: Cerumen (ear wax) is a yellowish or brownish waxy secretion produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear canal. It becomes impacted because of the narrow tortuous canal or as a result of poor cleaning methods. Cerumen may partially obscure the eardrum or totally occlude the ear canal. Even when the canal is 90% to 95% blocked, hearing is normal, but when the last 5% to 10% becomes occluded (e.g., when cerumen expands after the client swims or showers), the client experiences sudden hearing loss and a feeling of fullness in the ear. Redness and swelling of the tympanic membrane, edema in the external auditory canal, and an external auditory canal that is longer than normal are not descriptions of cerumen. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and focus on the strategic word “cerumen” in the question. Recalling that cerumen is ear wax will direct you to the correct option. Review the characteristics of cerumen if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 29 1 / 1 pts A nurse is palpating a client’s sinus areas. Which sensation does the nurse expect the client to indicate that he or she is feeling during palpation if the sinuses are normal? Correct! Correct! Firm pressure Pain behind the eyes Pain during palpation Pressure producing an acute headache7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 32/106 Rationale: The client would normally feel a firm pressure as the nurse palpates his or her sinuses. Pain experienced during palpation of the sinuses is an indication of acute sinusitis. Headaches that vary in intensity with position changes or when secretions drain indicate acute sinusitis. An acute headache should not occur with palpation of the sinuses. Test-Taking Strategy: Note the strategic words “if the sinuses are normal” in the query of the question. Eliminate the options that are comparable or alike and indicate the presence of discomfort on palpation of the sinuses. Review the expected findings when palpating the sinuses if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Analyzing Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 30 1 / 1 pts A nurse is preparing to test the function of cranial nerve XI. Which action does the nurse take to test this nerve? Asking the client to stick out his or her tongue and watching the client for tremors Touching the posterior pharyngeal wall with a tongue blade and noting the gag reflex Depressing the client’s tongue with a tongue blade and noting pharyngeal function as the client says “ah.”7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 33/106 Placing his or her hands on the client’s shoulders and asking the client to shrug the shoulders against resistance from the nurse’s hands Correct! Correct! Rationale: To assess the function of cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve), the nurse examines the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles for equal size. The nurse checks that these muscles are equal in strength by asking the client to rotate the head forcibly against resistance to the side of the chin and to shrug the shoulders against resistance from the nurse’s hands. Asking the client to stick out the tongue and watching for tremors is the method for assessing the function of cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve). Assessment of pharyngeal function reveals the function of cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) and X (vagus nerve). Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the comparable or alike options that address pharyngeal function. To select from the remaining options, recall that cranial nerve XI is the spinal accessory nerve, which will direct you to the correct option. Review the procedure for assessing the function of cranial nerve XI if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 31 1 / 1 pts A nurse is preparing to test cranial nerve I. Which item does the nurse obtain to test this nerve? Correct! Correct! Coffee A tuning fork7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 34/106 A wisp of cotton An ophthalmoscope Rationale: To assess the function of cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve), the nurse tests the sense of smell in a client who reports loss of smell. The nurse assesses the patency of the client s nostrils by occluding one nostril at a time and asking the client to sniff. Next, with the client s eyes closed, the nurse occludes one nostril and presents a nonnoxious aromatic substance such as coffee, toothpaste, orange, vanilla, soap, or peppermint. A tuning fork is used to assess the function of cranial nerve VIII (acoustic nerve). A wisp of cotton is used to assess the sensory function of cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve). An ophthalmoscope is used to assess the internal structures of the eye. Test-Taking Strategy: Note the strategic word “olfactory,” and recall this has to do with the sense of smell. Eliminate comparable or alike options that involve functions other than the olfactory sense. Recalling that cranial nerve I is the olfactory nerve will direct you to the correct option. Review cranial nerve I and the method of testing its function if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 32 0 / 1 pts A nurse inspecting a client’s throat touches the posterior wall with a tongue blade and elicits the gag reflex. The nurse documents normal function of which cranial nerves? Y You Answered ou Answered Cranial nerves V and VI7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 35/106 Cranial nerves XII and VIII Cranial nerves I and II Correct Answer Correct Answer Cranial nerves IX and X Rationale: The motor function of cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) and cranial nerve X (vagus nerve) is tested by depressing the tongue with a tongue blade and noting the pharyngeal movement as the client says “ah.” Motor function of these nerves is also tested by touching the posterior pharyngeal wall with a tongue blade and noting the gag reflex. Eliciting a response from cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve) tests the muscles of mastication. Eliciting a response from cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve) tests the function of smell. Eliciting a response from cranial nerve II (optic nerve) involves eye examinations. In testing cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve), the examiner inspects symmetry and movement of the tongue. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the data in the question. Recalling that cranial nerve IX is the glossopharyngeal nerve and cranial nerve X is the vagus nerve will direct you to the correct option. Review the cranial nerves if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 33 0 / 1 pts A nurse is performing a throat assessment on an assigned client. On asking the client to stick his tongue out, the nurse notes that it protrudes in the midline. Which cranial nerve is the nurse testing? Cranial nerve X7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 36/106 Cranial nerve V Y You Answered ou Answered Cranial nerve IX Correct Answer Correct Answer Cranial nerve XII Rationale: To test cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve), the examiner inspects symmetry and movement of the tongue. The nurse looks for a forward thrust in the midline as the client sticks out the tongue. The examiner tests the motor function of cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) and X (vagus nerve) by depressing the client’s tongue with a tongue blade and noting the pharyngeal movement as the client says “ah.” Motor function of these nerves is also tested by touching the posterior pharyngeal wall with a tongue blade and noting the gag reflex. Eliciting a response from cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve) tests the muscles of mastication. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the data in the question. Recalling that cranial nerve XII is the hypoglossal nerve will direct you to the correct option. Review the method of testing cranial nerve XII if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 34 1 / 1 pts A nurse is preparing to listen to the breath sounds of a client. The nurse should listen to the breath sounds in which way? Ask the client to lie prone. Ask the client to breathe in and out through the nose.7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 37/106 Hold the bell of the stethoscope lightly against the chest. Listen for at least one full respiration in each location on the chest. Correct! Correct! Rationale: To best listen to breath sounds, the nurse asks the client to sit, leaning slightly forward, with the arms resting comfortably across the lap. The client is instructed to breathe through the mouth, a little deeper than usual, but to stop if he or she feels dizzy. The flat diaphragm endpiece of the stethoscope is held firmly against the client’s chest wall. The nurse listens for at least one full respiration in each location on the chest. Side-to-side comparison is most important in the assessment of breath sounds. Test-Taking Strategy: Use knowledge of the subject, listening to breath sounds, to assist with the process of elimination. Read carefully and visualize each of the options. Thinking about the procedure for listening to breath sounds and noting the words “one full respiration” will direct you to the correct option. Review the procedure for listening to breath sounds if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 35 1 / 1 pts A nurse listening to a client’s chest to determine the quality of vocal resonance asks the client to repeat the word “ninety-nine” as the nurse listens through the stethoscope. As the client says the word, the nurse is able to hear the word clearly. The nurse documents this assessment finding in which way? Normal egophony7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 38/106 Abnormal vesicular breath sounds Correct! Correct! Abnormal bronchophony Normal whispered pectoriloquy Rationale: The quality of voice resonance can be performed by testing for the presence of bronchophony, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy. In bronchophony, the nurse asks the client to repeat the word “ninety-nine” as the nurse listens to the client’s chest with a stethoscope. Normal voice transmission is soft, muffled, and indistinct. The nurse normally hears sound through the stethoscope but cannot distinguish exactly what is being said. A pathologic condition that increases lung density enhances the transmission of voice sounds; in such a case, the nurse will hear “ninety-nine” clearly. Vesicular breath sounds are heard over peripheral lung fields where air flows through smaller bronchioles and alveoli. In egophony, the client’s chest is auscultated while the client phonates a long “ee-ee-ee-ee” sound. Normally the nurse hears “eeeeee” through the stethoscope. In whispered pectoriloquy, the client is asked to whisper a phrase such as “one-two-three” as the nurse listens to the chest. The normal response is a muffled, almost inaudible sound. Test-Taking Strategy: Knowledge of the subject, the methods for determining the quality of breath sounds, is needed to answer this question. For this question it is necessary to remember that in bronchophony normal voice transmission is soft, muffled, and indistinct. Review bronchophony, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy and the normal findings if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 36 1 / 1 pts7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 39/106 A nurse is preparing to check the breath sounds of a client. Over which anatomic area does the nurse place the stethoscope when auscultating for bronchial breath sounds? 1 2 Correct! Correct! 3 47/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 40/106 Rationale: Bronchial (tracheal) breath sounds are located over the trachea and larynx. Bronchovesicular breath sounds are located over major bronchi. Vesicular breath sounds are located over the peripheral lung fields. The upper sternal area is where main bronchi are located. Breath sounds are normally not heard over the cricoid cartilage. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the comparable or alike options. From the remaining options, recall that bronchial breath sounds are also noted as tracheal sounds; this will direct you to the correct option. Review the location of normal breath sounds if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 37 1 / 1 pts A nurse is auscultating for vesicular breath sounds in a client. Of which quality would the nurse expect these normal breath sounds to be? Harsh Hollow Tubular Correct! Correct! Rustling7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 41/106 Rationale: Vesicular breath sounds are rustling and sound like wind blowing through trees. Bronchial (tracheal) breath sounds are harsh, hollow, tubular sounds. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the comparable or alike options (tubular and hollow). In considering the remaining options, think about the location of vesicular breath sounds. This will help direct you to the correct option. Review the normal quality of vesicular breath sounds if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Analyzing Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 38 1 / 1 pts A nurse sees documentation in the client’s record indicating that the health care provider has noted the presence of adventitious breath sounds. The nurse knows that these types of sounds have which aspect? Normally heard in the lungs Hollow sounds heard over the trachea and larynx Rustling sounds heard over the peripheral lung fields Correct! Correct! Abnormal sounds that should not be heard in the lungs7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 42/106 Rationale: Adventitious breath sounds are added sounds that are not normally heard in the lungs. If present, they are heard as being superimposed on the breath sounds. They are caused when moving air collides with secretions in the tracheobronchial passageways or when previously deflated airways pop open. Hollow sounds heard over the trachea and larynx are normal bronchial (tracheal) breath sounds. Rustling sounds heard over the peripheral lung fields are normal vesicular breath sounds. Test-Taking Strategy: Note that two options are opposing statements (normally heard and abnormal sounds). This may indicate that one of these options is correct. From this point, recall the definition of adventitious and that adventitious breath sounds are abnormal. Review adventitious breath sounds if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Understanding Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Adult Health/Respiratory Question 39 1 / 1 pts A nurse is assisting with data collection on a client for the major risk factors associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Which modifiable risk factor does the nurse obtain data on from the client? Age Ethnicity Correct! Correct! Hypertension Genetic inheritance7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 43/106 Rationale: Risk factors for CAD may be categorized as modifiable and unmodifiable. Unmodifiable risk factors include age, sex, ethnicity, genetic predisposition, and family history of heart disease. Modifiable risk factors include increased concentrations of serum lipids, hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, and level of physical activity. Contributing modifiable risk factors include diabetes mellitus and a stressful lifestyle. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and note the strategic word “modifiable” in the query of the question. The only risk factor listed that can be changed is hypertension. Review modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors for CAD if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Adult Health/Cardiovascular Question 40 1 / 1 pts A nurse assisting with data collection on the carotid artery of a client with cardiovascular disease. The nurse performs this in which way? Palpating the carotid artery in the upper third of the neck Palpating both arteries simultaneously to compare amplitude Listening to the carotid artery, using the bell of the stethoscope to assess for bruits Correct! Correct! Instructing the client to take slow, deep breaths while the nurse listens to the carotid artery7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 44/106 Rationale: To assess the carotid artery, the nurse uses the techniques of palpation and auscultation. The nurse palpates each carotid artery medial to the sternomastoid muscle in the neck. The nurse should avoid putting pressure on the carotid sinus higher in the neck because of the risk of excessive vagal stimulation, which could slow the heart rate. The nurse should palpate one artery at a time to avoid compromising arterial blood flow to the brain. The nurse should auscultate each carotid artery for the presence of a bruit. A bruit is a blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence; normally a bruit is not present. The nurse should lightly place the bell of the stethoscope over the carotid artery and ask the client to hold his or her breath briefly so that tracheal breath sounds do not mask or mimic a carotid artery bruit. Test-Taking Strategy: Use knowledge of the subject, assessment of the carotid artery, to assist with the process of elimination. Palpating both arteries simultaneously will obstruct blood flow to the brain, so eliminate this option. Next, recalling the location of the carotid artery will assist you in eliminating the option that indicates that the nurse should palpate in the upper third of the neck. To select from the remaining options, eliminate the option that instructs the client to take slow, deep breaths, because this client action would prevent the nurse from hearing a bruit if one is present. Review the technique for assessing the carotid arteries if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Adult Health/Cardiovascular Question 41 1 / 1 pts A nurse is preparing to listen to the apical heart rate in the area of the mitral valve in an adult client. The nurse should place the stethoscope on which part of the client’s chest? Second left interspace7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 45/106 Second right interspace Left lower sternal border Correct! Correct! Fifth left interspace at the midclavicular line Rationale: The mitral valve is located in the area of the fifth left interspace, at the midclavicular line. The pulmonic valve is located in the area of the second left interspace. The aortic valve is located in the area of the second right interspace. The tricuspid valve is located in the area of the left lower sternal border. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, the area in which the mitral valve is located. Visualizing the anatomy of the heart will direct you to the correct option. Review the anatomy of the heart and areas of auscultation of the heart valves if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 42 1 / 1 pts A nurse is preparing to assess the dorsalis pedis pulse. The nurse palpates this pulse by placing the fingertips in which location? Behind the knee Correct! Correct! Lateral to the extensor tendon of the big toe In the groove between the malleolus and the Achilles tendon7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 46/106 Below the inguinal ligament, halfway between the pubis and the anterior superior iliac spines Rationale: The dorsalis pedis pulse is palpated lateral to and parallel with the extensor tendon of the big toe. The popliteal pulse is palpated behind the knee. The posterior tibial pulse is palpated in the groove between the malleolus and the Achilles tendon. The femoral artery is located below the inguinal ligament, halfway between the pubis and the anterior superior iliac spines. Test-Taking Strategy: Use data in the question to assist with the process of elimination. Focusing on the name of the pulse, the dorsalis pedis, and recalling the location of the pulse points in the body will direct you to the correct option. Recall that the term “pedis” refers to the feet. Review the location of the various pulses if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 43 1 / 1 pts A client with peripheral artery disease tells the nurse that pain develops in his left calf when he is walking and subsides with rest. The nurse documents that the client is most likely experiencing which disorder? Venous insufficiency Correct! Correct! Intermittent claudication Sore muscles from overexertion Muscle cramps related to musculoskeletal problems7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 47/106 Rationale: Leg pain characteristic of peripheral artery disease is known as intermittent claudication. Usually the client can walk only a certain distance before cramping, burning, muscle discomfort, or pain forces him or her to stop; the pain subsides after rest. When the client resumes walking, he or she can walk the same distance before the pain returns. The pain is reproducible. As the disease progresses, the client walks shorter and shorter distances before pain recurs. Ultimately pain may even occur while the client is at rest. Therefore the other options are incorrect. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the comparable or alike options that address the muscles. To select from the remaining options, focusing on the client’s diagnosis will assist you in eliminating the option that addresses a venous problem. Review the characteristics of intermittent claudication if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Adult Health/Cardiovascular Question 44 1 / 1 pts A nurse assisting with data collection of the peripheral vascular system performs the Allen test. The nurse understands that this test is used to determine the patency of which blood vessel(s)? Capillaries Pedal pulses Femoral arteries Correct! Correct! Radial and ulnar arteries7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 48/106 Rationale: The nurse would perform the Allen test to determine the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries. The nurse applies direct pressure over the client’s ulnar and radial arteries simultaneously. While the nurse is applying pressure, the client is asked to open and close the hand repeatedly; the hand should blanch. The nurse then releases pressure from the ulnar artery while compressing the radial artery and assesses the color of the extremity distal to the pressure point. If pinkness fails to return within 6 seconds, the ulnar artery is insufficient, indicating that the radial artery should not be used to obtain a blood specimen. Test-Taking Strategy: Knowledge of the subject, the purpose of the Allen test, is needed to answer this question. Recalling that this test is performed before a specimen for arterial blood gases is drawn from the radial artery will direct you to the correct option. Review the Allen test if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Understanding Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Adult Health/Cardiovascular Question 45 1 / 1 pts A nurse is assisting with data collection on a client. On auscultation of the abdomen, the nurse hears a bruit over the abdominal aorta. Which action should the nurse take as a priority on the basis of this finding? Document the finding Palpate the area for a mass Correct! Correct! Notify the health care provider Percuss the abdomen to check for tympany7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 49/106 Rationale: Detection of a bruit over the aorta on assessment of the abdomen could indicate the presence of an aneurysm. The nurse would notify the health care provider of the finding and would not palpate or percuss the abdomen because of the risk of rupture. Although the nurse would document the findings, this is not the priority action. Test-Taking Strategy: Note the strategic word “priority.” Recalling the significance of a bruit and remembering that its presence could indicate an aneurysm will direct you to the correct option. Review the abnormal assessment findings in an abdominal assessment if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Physiological Integrity Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation Content Area: Adult Health/Cardiovascular Question 46 1 / 1 pts A nurse is preparing to measure a client’s calf circumference. The nurse performs this procedure by performing which action? Placing a tape measure around the widest point of the lower leg Correct! Correct! Measuring 2 inches above the knee and placing the tape measure around the client’s leg at this point Measuring 2 inches above the ankle and placing the tape measure around the client’s leg at this point Measuring 2 inches below the patella and placing the tape measure around the client’s leg at this point7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 50/106 Rationale: The nurse uses a nonstretchable tape measure to measure the calf at its widest point, taking care to measure the opposite leg in exactly the same place, the same number of centimeters down from the patella or other landmark. The descriptions in the incorrect options would not provide an accurate measurement of calf circumference. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and visualize the location of each option. Use data in the question and note the words “calf circumference” in the question will direct you to the correct option. Review the procedure for measuring the calf circumference if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/physical exam Question 47 1 / 1 pts An adult client undergoes various diagnostic tests to determine the pumping ability of the heart. The nurse notes that the results of these tests indicate that the client’s cardiac output is 5 L/min. The nurse makes which conclusion? The client has a low cardiac output. The client has a high cardiac output. Correct! Correct! The client has a normal cardiac output. The client will need a blood transfusion.7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 51/106 Rationale: In the normal resting adult, the heart pumps between 4 and 6 L of blood per minute throughout the body. This cardiac output equals the volume of blood in each systole (called stroke volume) multiplied by the number of beats/min. Therefore a cardiac output of 5 L/min is a normal cardiac output. The other options are incorrect interpretations. Test-Taking Strategy: Use knowledge of the subject, normal cardiac output, to assist you with the process of elimination. Recalling that the heart normally pumps between 4 and 6 L of blood per minute will direct you to the correct option. Review normal cardiac output if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Understanding Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Assessment Content Area: Adult Health/Cardiovascular Question 48 1 / 1 pts A nurse palpates a client’s radial pulse, noting the rate, rhythm, and force, and concludes that the client’s pulse is normal. Which notation would the nurse make in the client’s record to document the force of the client’s pulse? 4+ 3+ Correct! Correct! 2+ 1+7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 52/106 Rationale: When assessing a pulse, the nurse should note the rhythm, amplitude, and symmetry of pulses and should compare peripheral pulses on the two sides for rate, rhythm, and quality. A 4-point scale may be used to assess the force (amplitude) of the pulse: 4+, bounding pulse; 3+, increased pulse; 2+, normal pulse; 1+, weak pulse. In this case the nurse would grade the client’s pulse as 2+. Test-Taking Strategy: Knowledge regarding the subject, the scale used to grade the force of a client’s pulse, is needed to answer this question. Remember that on a 4- point scale, 2+ is a normal pulse. Review the grading scale used to assess the force (amplitude) of the pulse if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Understanding Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Adult Health/Cardiovascular Question 49 1 / 1 pts At a health screening clinic, a nurse is educating a young woman about breast self-examination (BSE). The nurse determines that the client demonstrates understanding when she makes which statement? BSE must be performed every other month. BSE is performed on the day menstruation begins. Monthly BSE is the only way to ensure early detection of breast cancer. Monthly BSE includes inspection before a mirror and palpation both in the shower and while lying down. Correct! Correct!7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 53/106 Rationale: BSE is performed monthly and should be carried out after the menstrual period, on the seventh day of the menstrual cycle, when the breasts are smallest and least congested. A woman who is not having menstrual periods should select a specific day of the month and perform BSE on that day each month. BSE is not the only way to detect early breast cancer. Women should get regular physical examinations and mammograms as prescribed. The woman is taught to inspect the breasts while standing in front of a mirror, to palpate the breasts while in the shower (because soap and water assist in palpation), and, finally, to perform palpation while lying supine. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the option that contains the closed-ended word “only.” Knowing that BSE is performed monthly on the seventh day of the menstrual cycle will assist you in eliminating the remaining incorrect options. Review the teaching points related to BSE if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Evaluating Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Evaluation Content Area: Health assessment/physical exam Question 50 1 / 1 pts A community health nurse is instructing a group of female clients about breast self-examination (BSE). The nurse instructs the clients to perform the examination in which manner? At the onset of menstruation Every month during ovulation Weekly, at the same time of day Correct! Correct! One week after menstruation begins7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 54/106 Rationale: BSE should be performed after the menstrual period, on the seventh day of the menstrual cycle, when the breasts are smallest and least congested. The pregnant woman or menopausal woman who is not having menstrual periods is taught to select a specific day to examine the breasts every month. Therefore the other options are incorrect. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the comparable or alike options. At the onset of menstruation and during ovulation, hormonal changes are taking place. To select from the remaining options, recall that it is not necessary to perform BSE weekly; this will assist you in eliminating this option. Review the procedure for teaching BSE if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 51 1 / 1 pts Assisting with data collection, a nurse notes tenderness while lightly palpating a client’s right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The nurse determines that this finding is most likely associated with which anatomic structure? Liver Spleen Pancreas Correct! Correct! Appendix7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 55/106 Rationale: The appendix is located in the right lower quadrant. The spleen is a soft mass of lymphatic tissue located on the posterolateral wall of the abdominal cavity, immediately under the diaphragm. The pancreas is a soft lobular gland located behind the stomach. The liver fills most of the right upper quadrant and extends over to the left midclavicular line. Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Recalling the anatomic location of the abdominal organs will direct you to the correct option. Review the location of the anatomic structures if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Understanding Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Adult Health/Gastrointestinal Question 52 1 / 1 pts While the nurse is assisting with data collection, the client tells the nurse that he is having difficulty swallowing medications and food. The nurse gathers additional subjective data and documents that the client is experiencing which disorder? Pyrosis Anorexia Eructation Correct! Correct! Dysphagia7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 56/106 Rationale: “Dysphagia” is the term used to indicate difficulty swallowing, which can occur in disorders of the throat or esophagus. Anorexia is a loss of appetite. Eructation is belching. Pyrosis is heartburn, a burning sensation in the esophagus and stomach caused by the reflux of gastric acid. Test-Taking Strategy: Use data in the question to assist with the process of elimination. Note the relationship of the word “difficulty” in the question and “dysphagia” in the correct option. Review the terms identified in the options if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Physiological Integrity Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation Content Area: Adult Health/Gastrointestinal Question 53 1 / 1 pts A nurse is preparing to auscultate for the presence of bowel sounds in a client who has just undergone surgery. The nurse places the stethoscope in which abdominal quadrant first? Left upper quadrant Left lower quadrant Right upper quadrant Correct! Correct! Right lower quadrant7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 57/106 Rationale: The nurse begins auscultating in the right lower quadrant at the ileocecal valve because bowel sounds are normally always present there. The nurse then listens for bowel sounds in the other quadrants. Test-Taking Strategy: Knowledge of the subject, the procedure for auscultating bowel sounds, is needed to answer this question. Remember that the nurse starts by listening in the right lower quadrant. Review this technique for auscultating bowel sounds if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 54 1 / 1 pts When examining the abdomen, a nurse auscultates before palpating and percussing the abdomen. The nurse performs the assessment in this manner for which reason? It is less painful for the client. Correct! Correct! Palpation and percussion can increase peristalsis. It identifies any potential areas of abdominal tenderness. It gives the client more time to become comfortable with the examiner.7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 58/106 Rationale: When performing an abdominal assessment, the nurse auscultates the abdomen after inspection. Auscultation is done before palpation and percussion because these assessment techniques can increase peristalsis, which would yield a false interpretation of bowel sounds. The other options identify incorrect reasons for auscultating the abdomen before palpating and percussing it. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Thinking about the effects of palpating and percussing the abdomen and focusing on the subject, examining the abdomen, will direct you to the correct option. Review the procedure for an abdominal assessment if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Applying Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 55 1 / 1 pts A nurse assisting with data collection is preparing to auscultate the client’s bowel sounds. The client tells the nurse that he ate lunch just 45 minutes ago. On the basis of this information, which finding does the nurse expect to note? Correct! Correct! Gurgling sounds Hypoactive sounds Low-pitched sounds An absence of sounds7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 59/106 Rationale: Bowel sounds are a result of the movement of air and fluid through the small intestine. Depending on the time elapsed since the client has eaten, a wide range of normal sounds may occur. Bowel sounds are high-pitched, gurgling, cascading sounds, occurring irregularly between five and 30 times a minute. Bowel sounds are hypoactive (low pitched) or entirely absent after abdominal surgery or with inflammation of the peritoneum. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the comparable or alike options (hypoactive, low pitched, absence). Noting that the client ate 45 minutes ago will also help direct you to the correct option. Review the expected findings on auscultation of bowel sounds if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Understanding Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection Content Area: Health Assessment/Physical Exam Question 56 0 / 1 pts While reviewing a client’s health care record, a nurse notes documentation of the presence of borborygmus on abdominal assessment. Which finding does the nurse expect to note when auscultating the client’s bowel sounds? Hypoactive bowel sounds Y You Answered ou Answered Low-pitched bowel sounds Correct Answer Correct Answer Hyperactive bowel sounds An absence of bowel sounds7/19/2021 Module 2 Exam: HESI VN TXGRP 1912COHORT(VNE 39) https://concorde.instructure.com/courses/18612/quizzes/83895?module_item_id=1519718 60/106 Rationale: Borborygmus, a type of hyperactive bowel sound, is fairly common. It indicates hyperperistalsis, and the client may describe it as a growling stomach. Hypoactive bowel sounds are low pitched. Hypoactive sounds (or an absence of sounds) follow abdominal surgery or occur with inflammation of the peritoneum. Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate comparable or alike options (hypoactive, low pitched, absence) and recall that borborygmus is a type of hyperactive bowel sound. Review the description of borborygmus if you had difficulty with this question. Cognitive Ability: Understanding Cli